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The strict control of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability and selective ion transport is essential for mitochondria functioning. Potassium ions homeostasis is an important process for mitochondrial optimal functioning. Currently we characterize mitochondrial potassium channels from one of Dictyostelium species. Preliminary experiments are focused on biophysical and pharmacological characterization of mitochondrial ion channels. Purified inner mitochondrial membranes (submitochondrial particles) were reconstituted into planar lipid bilayer. To form model membranes asolectin from soybean mixture of phospholipids was used. We observed two types of potassium selective ion channels in submitochondrial particle samples: a large- and small-conductance channels. Experiments were performed both in gradient solution 50/150 mM KCl (cis-trans) and in symmetrical solution 150/150 mM KCl at voltages from −50 to 50 mV. Regulation of the channel activity by divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ was explored. Additionally, interaction of the ATP with mitochondrial potassium channels was characterized. The knowledge on mitochondrial ion channels may contribute to understanding molecular mechanism of Dictyostelium discoideum functioning.
Activity of herds of Konik Polski horses free ranging in Biebrza National Park. Behavior of three herds on specific, marshy terrains of Biebrza National Park were studied during July and August 2008. Observations of herds behavior have been carried out in three periods of the day. The following behavioral patterns were studied: ingestive behavior, resting behavior, eliminative behavior, comfort behavior, social behavior, play, sexual behavior, displacements. The largest time proportion had forage intake but only in August (on average 87% of the observance time) in relation to 35% in July. Differences in schedule of ingestive and resting activities between those two months seems to have a base in weather conditions. Temperatures in July were higher than those in August. High temperatures in July caused that horses were resting in almost 65% of their time, in August herds rest only in 13% of day time. High temperature greatly influences horse's behavior, by decreasing ingestive behaviors in favor of resting behaviors. General amount of social behavior, mainly aggressive reflexes and comfort behavior increase. Displacements are more common, when temperature outcomes are below 23°C. Horses use permanent tracks to get around within corral. Escaping tracks are the shortest ones, they are wide and easily walkable. Free ranged horses are not keen to gallop, they use it only in case of a threat. Main pace used by free ranging Konik Polski horses was walk.
Diagnostic features of bream and white bream scales were investigated. Bream scales were collected from seven sites and white bream ones came from four sites. Both environmental conditions and fish growth rate varied in the chosen sites. The scales taken from the analysed populations varied in shape, localisation of the scale nucleus, number of radii on caudal and oral fields, and by different ratio between their height and width.
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