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It was found that the physiological activity of L. sanfrancisco and L. plantarum monocultures in conditions of continuous culture, expressed as sugar consumption and lactic acid production per 1 g dry substance, was similar in the culture time (0) interval 15-40 h. The maintenance of both strains in associated culture required 0 > 10 h. In such a case there occurred a 20% stimulation of biomass production and a ca. 15% increase of physiological activity as compared to the monopopulation cultures.
Attempts were undertaken to intensify the fermentation process of industrial bread starters by the enrichment of the environmental microflora with the use of an associated population of Lactobacillus sanfrancisco and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a result, an equivalent relation bacteria/yeasts in a weekly cycle of starters restocking was obtained. The medium which ripened with the participation of pure cultures were characterized by a ca 10% higher level of lactic acid than in the,case of spontaneously fermenting starters. The obtained bread had very good organoleptic properties; its standard indices were superior to those of bread manufactured according to the traditional technology.
Yeast microflora in spontaneously fermenting bread starters was studied. It was found that in starters from industrial bakeries the dominant yeast, accounting for about 99% of all yeasts, was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In starters from small private-owned bakeries about 40% of the yeasts were of different species; among those there were identified Saccharomyces exiguus, Torulopsis candida and Candida krusei.
The mobility of pendimethalin in sand soil and loamy sand soil was studied in soil column under laboratory conditions. The soils samples were collected from Sławoszewo (G1) and Zaspy Małe (G2). Commercial pendimethalin formulation (Panida 330 EC) and pendimethalin immobilized in alginate matrix were used for leaching experiment. The initial concentration of pendimethalin in soil, for both formulation was 2.0 mg/cm3. After application of herbicide, the columns were irrigated with: 100 mm, 40 mm and 3.7 mm of water. After 1 hour, when addition of water was completed soils were sampled in 5 cm segments and were used for the analysis of residues. The maximum concentration of pendimethalin was recovered from a depth of 0–5 cm in both the soils. The use of alginate CR formulation reduced the vertical mobility of pendimethalin into soil layer in comparison with the formulation EC.
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