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Ethanol (EtOH) abuse in pregnancy is known to produce serious damage to internal organs of the fetus, a condition in humans that is classified as "fetal alcohol syndrome". Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal pollutant of the environment, represents another toxin that produces retarded fetal growth and teratogenic effects. The developing brain is particularly sensitive to both toxins, being affected morphologically and neurochemically. Besides prenatal EtOH and Cd have been found to reduce endogenous dopamine (DA) levels and turnover in the brain and change reactivity of the central DA receptors to agonists. To test effect of separate and joint applications of the above xenobiotics on offspring during pregnancy, rats were given 10% (v/v) EtOH and/or Cd (5 or 50 ppm) in their drinking water. Numbers of pregnant rats, newborns in the litter, birth body mass, and the number of offspring surviving 3 weeks after birth were recorded. Then in 6-week-old offspring the anatomopathological study of internal organs, and the level of biogenic amines (NA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA) in the discrete parts of the brain were estimated spectrofluorometrically. Prenatal exposure to EtOH prevents some toxic effect of Cd in rat offspring (morphological, condition of offspring). On the other hand, EtOH intensified some effects of Cd on the biogenic amines level in the brain.
Female adult Wistar rats were given tap warter (control), 10% (v/v) water solution of ethanol and/or cadmium (5 or 50 ppm) in tap water or in 10% ethanol ad libitum throughout their pregnacies. As soon as the offspring were born, the administration of all above solutions was discontinued and all females began drinking water only. Adult female and male offspring from each group were challenged with a single hypnotic dose of ethanol (3.5 g/kg IP) in the form of 20% (v/v) water solution. The latency from the time of injection until the loss of the righting reflex, as well as the latency for recovery of the reflex was recorded. The results showed that female rats exposed to cadmium after ethanol 3.5 g/kg IP challenge lose the righting reflex rapidly and recovery of it was later as compared to control animals. In female rats exposed during intrauteral development to cadmium jointly with ethanol measured parameters return to values as in the control group. No statistically significant differences in loss and recovery of the righting reflex in all groups of male rats after the ethanol 3.5 g/kg IP challenge was recorded.
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