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Doświadczenie wegetacyjne z uprawą dwóch odmian oberżyny ‘Epic F1’ i ‘Solara F1ʼ przeprowadzono w tunelu foliowym w latach 2002-2004. Rośliny uprawiano w cylindrach o objętości 6 dm3 wypełnionych podłożem, które stanowiło: 1) torf wysoki; 2) kora sosnowa+torf niski (v:v=1:1) 3) gleba mineralna+torf wysoki (v:v=4:1). Wykonano nawożenie przedwegetacyjne makro- i mikroskładnikami oraz pogłówne azotem, fosforem i potasem do założonych w badaniach poziomów: niskiego, standardowego i wysokiego. Owoce oberżyny zbierano wielokrotnie od VII do IX każdego roku. Określono dynamikę plonowania oberżyny uprawianej w różnych podłożach po zastosowaniu trzech poziomów nawożenia. W podłożach organicznych (1) i (2) przy standardowym i wysokim poziomie nawożenia uzyskano największą dynamikę plonowania, natomiast w glebie mineralnej z dodatkiem torfu (3) przy zastosowaniu wysokiego poziomu nawożenia. Podłoże z torfu wysokiego jest najbardziej przydatne do uprawy oberżyny.
Titanium is an element exhibiting bio-stimulatory properties. The aim of the following investigations was to assess the effect of Tytanit application on the content of micronutrients in leaves and fruits, as well as the biological value of fruits from tomatoes grown in rockwool. The following levels of titanium side dressing were used: the control (no titanium applied), Ti-I (corresponding to the annual dose of 80 g Ti ha-1), Ti-II (240 g Ti ha-1), Ti-III (480 g Ti ha-1) and Ti -IV (960 g Ti ha-1). Tytanit at the level Ti-I had significant impact on the iron and manganese content in indicator parts of plants. A significant effect of Ti application on the zinc content in indicator parts of plants was observed at the Ti-II treatment in comparison with the control and other treatments. The application of Ti did not have any significant effect on the Cu content in indicator parts, except for the Ti-IV treatment. Increasing Ti doses caused a significant reduction of the copper content in fruits except for Ti-II and Ti-III. The application of Ti was shown to influence total acidity of tomato fruits. The highest content of nitrates was recorded in the combination Ti-III (30.03 mg kg-1). No effect of Ti on the nitrate content was observed in the other combinations. A significant increase was found for the lycopene content in fruits when applying Ti-I (46.11 mg kg-1) in relation to the other doses.
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Several studies conducted at present concern the application of biostimulants in intensive plant growing. Titanium is an element exhibiting characteristics of a biostimulant. The aim of the conducted analyses was to evaluate the effect of the application of titanium on plant nutrition, their yielding as well as contents of macronutrients and biological value of fruits in tomato grown on rockwool. The following levels of titanium were analysed: the control (no titanium applied), Ti-I (corresponding to an annual dose of 80 g Ti·ha-1), Ti-II (240 g Ti·ha-1), Ti-III (480 g Ti·ha-1) and Ti-IV (960 g Ti·ha-1). The source of titanium was “Tytanit” fertilizer (Intermag Olkusz). In the conducted study a significant effect of titanium application was found at the Ti-IV level on the produced total and marketable yields, at the simultaneous increase in the yield of fruits with the greatest diameters (classes I, II and III) in comparison to the other tested combinations. A significant effect of Ti was found on an increase in contents in the index parts of plants in case of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium (the greatest contents of N, P, Ca and Mg recorded at Ti-IV) as well as potassium (the highest content at Ti-I). A general trend was observed (except for Ti-II) for an increase in nitrogen content in fruits under the influence of titanium application, at a simultaneous lack of effect on contents of phosphorus and potassium. In case of calcium and magnesium the recorded changes were multifaceted. No significant effect of titanium was observed on contents of dry matter and sugars in fruits, as well as their active acidity. At the same time a significant variation of vitamin C contents in fruits was recorded, depending on the level of titanium nutrition of plants.
A plant growing experiment was conducted in 2002-2003 on the aubergine cultivars Epic F1 and Solara F1 grown in an unheated polyethylene tunnel greenhouse at the Experimental Station in Marcelin, the University of Life Sciences in Poznań. Seedlings were planted on May 15 on beds at a 0.5 × 0.5 m spacing, i.e. 4 plants m–2, into 6 dm3 cylinders filled with a mixture, limed to pHH2O = 6.5, of mineral soil (light loamy sand containing 12% clay fraction – deposited on medium-heavy loam) with highmoor peat from Lithuania (v : v = 4 : 1). Basic fertilization – pre-vegetation and top dressing with macronutrients, based on an analysis of the substrate using the universal method in 0.03 M CH3COOH, was determined to attain the assumed levels: L (N – 200, P – 175, K – 330 mg dm–3), S (N – 300, P – 265, K – 500 mg dm–3), H (N – 400, P – 350, K – 665 mg dm–), while maintaining the N : P : K ratio at 1 : 0.9 : 1.7. The aim of this study has been to determine the effect of a fertilization level and cultivar on the yield and biological value of fruits of aubergine grown on a mixture of mineral soil with highmoor peat (v : v – 4 : 1). The total yield, number of fruits and weight of individual fruits were determined. Significant effect was found for the fertilization level and cultivar on the total yield, mean number of fruits and weight of a single aubergine fruit. Fruits of cv. Epic F1 aubergine contained more vitamin C than fruits of cv. Solara F1. In both years, the solids content in fruits of the two aubergine cultivars ranged from 4.0 to 5.5 %. A higher mean dry matter content in aubergine fruits was recorded in cv. Solara F1.
It was demonstrated that the content of essential oil in sweet basil depends on the level of nitrogen nutrition and on the term of herb harvest. The greatest content of the essential oil was found in herb harvested at the beginning of blooming using 0.9 g N/plant (0.6 g N pre-vegetation + 0.3 g N after the first harvest). After the fertilization levels: 0.9 g N and 1.2 g N/plant, the leaves of basil cv. Wala were characterized by the most desired aromatic discriminants: basil-like, sharp, spicy and herb-like.
In the years 2002–2003, in a foil tunnel, vegetation experiment in the growing of two eggplant cultivars ‘Epic F1’ and ‘Solara F1’ were carried out. Plants were grown in cylinders of 6 dm3 capacity filled with substrate which consisted of: 1) raised peat (from Lithuania), 2) pine bark + low-moor peat (v : v = 1 : 1). In the vegetation period, top-dressing with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied. Fruit harvest was carried out many times. The total fruit yield was determined. Index parts of plants were sampled for analyses in which the following values were identified: in ‘Epic’ cultivars: 1.12–3.40% N; 0.42–1.14% P; 1.80–4.81% K. In ‘Solara’ cultivars, the following values were found: 1.17–3.50% N; 0.53–1.27% P; 1.96–4.00% K, depending on the substrate and the fertilization level. Differences were found in the total yield and in the nutritional status of plants, depending on the substrate, fertilization level, cultivar and term of sampling.
In the years 2004 and 2005, in an unheated greenhouse, an experiment was carried out with hot pepper ‘Wulkan’ cultivar. The purpose of studies was to determine the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the salinity of substrate in hot pepper growing and to show the dependence between the content of these elements in the substrate and in the indicator parts of the plant. Fertilization with nitrogen and potassium was differentiated in two levels: N 250 and K 300, and N 350 and K 400 mg‧dm⁻³ substrate. It was found that a higher dose of nitrate and potassium caused an increase of EC in the substrate. A differentiated level of nitrogen fertilization had no effect on the nutritional status of hot pepper plants by this macroelement. On the other hand, potassium content in leaves was slightly higher with a higher fertilization level.
The type of the applied nitrogen fertiliser plays a significant role in plant nutrition. Supplying plants with potassium in the form of chloride, sulphate or salpetre significantly modifies the chemical composition of plants, as anions accompanying potassium serve different functions. The vegetation experiment on the cultivation of red pepper cv. ‘Cyklon’ was conducted in 2005 and 2006 in a plastic tunnel in rings (V = 5 dm³ ) filled with mineral soil and highmoor peat (3:2). The response of plants to three potassium salts KCl, K₂SO₄ and KNO₃ was determined at two levels of nitrogen-potassium fertilization of 250 mg N and NH₄NO₃ and 300 mg K, as well as 350 mg N and 400 mg K·dm⁻³ substrate, at constant levels of the other macro- and microelements. Biometric measurements of plants were taken and the volume of fruit yield was determined. It was found that the type of potassium fertilizer at the two levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilization did not have a significant effect on total and marketable yields of fruits in red pepper cv. ‘Cyklon’, plant height, total and marketable fruit numbers as well as fresh weight of a single fruit. It was shown that a higher level of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (350 N and 400 K mg dm⁻³ substrate) had a positive effect on the analyzed biometric parameters of fruits, except for fresh weight of a single fruit. Results of these investigations, confirmed by other authors, critically refer to the division of vegetable crops developed by Th. Geissler and Buchner into chloride- and sulfate-loving vegetable crops.
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