Basing on the polymorphism at 26 DNA microsatellite loci an estimation was made of the mean number of genes migrating in one generation (Nem) between populations of nine cattle breeds maintained in Germany, Switzerland and Poland: Angler, German Simmental, Brown Swiss, Swiss Simmental, Holstein, Eringer, Polish Red (PR – included in the National Rare Livestock Breeds Preservation Programme), Polish Black-and-White (PBW) and Polish Red-and-White (PRW). The Nem value for the whole population amounted to 2.048. When the breeds were grouped according to the country of origin the greatest flow of genes was observed within the Polish (2.023), while the lowest within the German population (1.214). The Nem values estimated when comparing each breed with each show that the greatest exchange of genetic material took place between breeds from the same geographic regions. On the phylogenetic N-J tree, constructed on the basis of genetic distance DA, the PR were classified together with PBW and PRW cattle. However, when evaluating the relations between breeds on the basis of values estimated for the DSW genetic distance, the PR cattle were classified together with the Angler breed. Bootstrap values were higher when the tree was constructed on the basis of the DA and not the DSW distance, what indicates a higher reliability of the genealogical structure determined on the basis of the former. In turn, the DSW distance gave a more precise information about the common background of the German and Swiss Simmentals, as well as about the share of the Angler breed used in the past for upgrading the PR.
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