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Introduction. Physical performance displays a great interindividual variance in both general population and among well-rained athletes. Genetic factor has an important contribution in this variance. The aim of this study was to examine the association between maximal oxygen uptake and genetic variants of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene (mtND5) in Caucasians from Poland. Material and Methods. The studies were carried out in a group of 154 men and 85 women, professional athletes representing various sports and fi tness levels and students of the University of Physical Education in Poznań. Physiological and molecular procedures were used, i.e. direct measurement of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and SNP 13470 G>C polymorphism of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene (mtND5) was determined by restriction fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results. We have found that maximal oxygen uptake is associated with BamHI+/+ homoplasmic variant of the mtND5 gene in Caucasians from Poland. We have also observed positive infl uence of BamHI+ allele on level of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max).
 Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3) as mitochondrial electron transporters are involved in regulation of ATP production and energy dissipation as heat. Energy efficiency plays an important role in physical performance, especially in aerobic fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the association between maximal oxygen uptake and genetic variants of the UCP2 and UCP3 genes. The studies were carried out in a group of 154 men and 85 women, professional athletes representing various sports and fitness levels and students of the University of Physical Education in Poznań. Physiological and molecular procedures were used, i.e. direct measurement of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and analysis of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the 3'untranslated region of exon 8 of the UCP2 gene and a C>T substitution in exon 5 (Y210Y) of the UCP3 gene. No statistically significant associations were found, only certain trends. Insertion allele (I) of the I/D UCP2 and the T allele of the UCP3 gene were favourable in obtaining higher VO2max level and might be considered as endurance-related alleles.
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