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1

The influence of post-fixation on visualising vimentin in the retina using immunofluorescence method

100%
Baykal B., Korkmaz C., Kocabiyik N., Ceylan O. M.
Folia Morphologica
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2018
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tom 77
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nr 2
Background: Post-fixation of sections is especially required for cryostat sections of fresh frozen tissues. Vimentin is an intermediate filament in both fibrillary and non-fibrillary form, expressed in Müller’s cells and astrocytes of the retina. Our aim was to determine the best post-fixation method for visualising vimentin in archival mouse eyes. Materials and methods: We used an archival mouse eye, slightly pre-fixed with paraformaldehyde and stored at –80°C for 4 years. We tried three fixatives (paraformaldehyde [PFA], alcohol/acetic acid [AAA] and methanol) for post-fixation of eye sections. Results: We showed that post-fixation alters the labelling properties of vimentin expressed in the retina. In the sections with no post-fixation, vimentin positivity was observed in and around the nuclei in non-fibrillary form. In PFA post-fixed sections, the vimentin in the retina was not observed as fibrils. Positivity was observed in the nuclei and in perinuclear regions of the cells. In AAA post-fixed sections, positive labelling was observed around the nuclei as fibrils. In methanol post-fixed sections, labelling was observed around the nuclei as fibrils. Conclusions: We conclude that post-fixation with AAA is more convenient for immunofluorescent labelling of vimentin in the retina for slightly PFA pre-fixed and long-term stored retina. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 246–252)
2

Morphometric analysis of the uncinate processes of the cervical vertebrae

100%
Kocabiyik N., Ercikti N., Tunali S.
Folia Morphologica
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2017
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tom 76
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nr 3
Background: Uncinate processes (UPs) are distinct features unique to cervical vertebrae. They are consistently found on posterolateral aspect of the superior end plate of 3rd to 7th cervical vertebrae. In this study, we investigated the morphology of the UPs with a particular emphasis on the regional anatomy and clinical significance. Materials and methods: The study included 63 vertebrae. The width, height and length of UPs were measured with a digital calliper. We also assessed inclination angle of UP relative to sagittal plane, angle between medial surface of UP and superior surface of vertebra, angle between long axis of the UP and frontal plane, angle between long axis of UP and sagittal plane. Results: Average width of the UPs ranged from 4.25 mm at C3 to 6.33 mm at T1; average height ranged from 4.88 mm at T1 to 7.54 mm at C4; and average length ranged from 6.88 mm at T1 to 11.46 mm at C4. We measured the inclination angle of UP relative to sagittal plane, and found it to be relatively constant with T1 having the largest value. The average angle was 41.39°, and the range was 17° to 85°. The angle between the long axis of the UP and the sagittal plane was increasing significantly from C5 to T1. The average angle was 20.74° and the range was 6° to 65°. Conclusions: Anatomy of UPs is significant for surgeon who operates on the cervical spine. Hopefully, the information presented herein would decrease complications during surgical approaches to the cervical spine. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 3: 440–445)
3

Formation of the sural nerve in foetal cadavers

88%
Albay S., Sakalli B., Kastamoni Y., Candan A., Kocabiyik N.
Folia Morphologica
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2012
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tom 71
|
nr 4
The purpose of this study was to provide a morphologic description and assessment on the formation level of the sural nerve (SN) and its components. Also we aimed to reveal histological features of the SN components. An anatomical study of the formation of the SN was carried out on 100 limbs from 50 embalmed foetuses. The results showed that the SN was formed by the union of the medial sural cutaneous nerve (MSCN) and the peroneal communicating branch (PCB) in 71% of the cases (Type A); the MSCN and PCB are branches of the tibial and common peroneal nerve (CPN) or lateral sural cutaneous nerves (LSCN), respectively. Formation level of the SN was at the distal third of the leg in 43% of the cases, at the middle third of the leg in 46% of the cases, and at the upper third of the leg in 11% of the cases. The PCB originated in the CPN in 68% and the PCB originated in the LSCN in 3% of the cases. The SN was formed only by the MSCN in 20% of the cases (Type B). Type C was divided into four subgroups: in the first group the PCB and fibres of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve joined the MSCN in 4% of cases; in the second group the MSCN, PCB, and sciatic nerve did not unite and coursed separately in 1% of cases; in the third group the SN arose directly from the sciatic nerve alone and the MSCN made a little contribution in 2% of cases; and in the fourth group the PCB, fibres of the sciatic nerve, and the MSCN formed the SN in 1% of the cases. The SN was formed only by the PCB in 1% of the cases (Type D). Distances of the formation level of the SN to the intercondylar line and the lateral malleolus were measured and also noted. A detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the SN and its contributing nerves are important in many interventional procedures. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 4: 221–227)
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