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Polskie rolnictwo w drodze do Unii Europejskiej

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Paper discussed the basic problems, connected with Poland's accession to the EU, dealing with agricultural production and rural development. With reference to actual state of continued negotiations with the EU, some stereotypes, myths and untruths disseminated in Western Europe on the Polish agriculture (e.g. on its competitiveness, quality and safety of produced foods, direct payments etc.) were reviewed and critically assessed. However, the really important problems touching the agriculture and rural areas in Poland, were admitted as follows: - low education and qualification level of rural population, - high unemployment both, registered and hiden, - insufficient development of technical, social and cultural infrastructure, - low income level limiting the demand for goods and non-agricultural services, - weakness of the institutions and organizations supporting agricultural development. Polish negotiation position has been built around the fundamental assumption that Polish farmers will enjoy all the right resulting from Common Agricultural Policy because the Acquis Communautaire of the Europan Union has been perceived as a set of not only obligations, but also right resulting therefrom. The EU approach practised so far confirms that such an interpretation of the EU rules is correct.
Dokonano analizy wpływu kursu euro/złoty na sytuację polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczego po przystąpieniu do UE. Zwrócono uwagę na wzrost transferów budżetowych do rolnictwa po przystąpieniu do UE i wprowadzeniu Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej. Na przykładzie cen interwencyjnych, dopłat bezpośrednich, programów rozwoju obszarów wiejskich i handlu rolno-spożywczego wykazano wpływ kursu euro/złoty na sytuację polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczego. Wykazano, że eliminacja ryzyka kursowego oraz pełne wy­korzystanie wynegocjowanych dla rolnictwa warunków członkostwa w UE jest możliwe jedynie przez spełnie­nie kryteriów zbieżności i wprowadzenie euro w Polsce.
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Paper discussed potential influence of the integration with European Union on the agriculture in Poland. The integration is of the interest of candidating countries and the Union itself, either. However, the agriculture is a very problematic area, because its share in total national economy of candidating countries is much higher than in EU member countries. On the other hand, just in present situation the common agricultural policy in the EU struggles with serious problems. Considering that, the process of integrating Polish agriculture to the EU should be perceived in a wider context of total national economy as well as of the sociology, politics. strategy and culture. In the process of adapting Polish agriculture, new objects of the EU agricultural policy formulated in Agenda 2000, should be taken into account, and viz.: - improving the competitiveness of EU agriculture; - ensuring food safety and promotion of its quality; - assuring suitable living standard for rural community and the stability of farm's income; - environment protection and increasing role, the farmers should play in natural resources management and landscape conservation; - creation of additional or alternative income sources and places of employment for the farmers and their families. Futhermore, the paper considered; - so-called „avis". i.e. the opinions on Polish economy and level of transformation advance; - directions of the reform in common agricultural policy of the EU; - pre-accession means of the EU for agricultural sector in Poland; - consequences of the differenccs in farm product prices between Poland and the EU; - acceptation of so-called „acquis communautaire''; - compensation payments and transition periods. Final success of Poland's integration to the EU depends to large extent on the successive modernization of agricultural and food economy sectors. From the viewpoint of Poland it seems obvious that the achievement of full integration within relatively short transition period is important and being of best interest for either, the Polish and Union's agriculture. In the matter of direct payments, level of production quotas and other elements of common agricultural policy, our farmers should be treated equally to the EU farmers, in the way adequate to their living conditions.
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