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This study investigated concentration changes of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in a meromictic lake to determine the lake’s productivity. It was revealed that the dominant form of organic carbon was the dissolved form (DOC). Maximum production activity was observed in summer (with the peak in June). At the same time, the factors restricting that process were determined, such as: strong pressure of the bacteria competing with the phytoplankton for mineral nutrients, and simultaneous precipitation of phosphates on HS-Fe complexes. The generated organic matter was settling intensively, and one of the transport methods of the dissolved organic matter was adsorption on calcium carbonate and bacterial transformation of the part of DOC into POC.
Sanitary and bacteriological studies were conducted during European catfish (Silurus glanis L.) wintering from January 3, 2001 to March 7, 2001. Samples of water, skin and digestive tract contents were collected every two weeks. Qualitative analyses included culturing heterotrophic bacteria on a broth-agar medium at temperatures of 4ºC for 7 days of incubation (TVC 4ºC), 22°C for 72 hours of incubation (TVC 22°C) and 37°C for 24 hours of incubation (TVC 37° C). The total number of coliforms (TC), the total number of fecal coliforms (FC) and the total number of fecal streptococci (FS) were determined. The results obtained confirmed that the sanitary and bacteriological state of the water in the wintering pond was good. The number of microbes per cm² of skin varied from 10³ to 10⁴ , and in 1 g of digestive tract contents from 10³ to 10⁵ .
In 2004-05 counts of the bacteria proteolytic, ammonifying, AOB and NOB, NO₃-N to NO₂-N reducing, denitrifying, and atmospheric nitrogen fixing (Azotobacter sp. and Clostridium pasteurianum) were analyzed along with temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen saturation, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen in waters of the River Drwęca. The counts of the above groups of bacteria ranged within a few orders of magnitude depending on the physiological group and sampling site. The smallest were the counts of autotrophic nitrifying and atmospheric nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter sp. (10² cfu·1 cm⁻³) and Clostridium pasteurianum (10² MPN·100 cm⁻³). The most numerous were ammonifying bacteria (10³ – 10⁶ MPN·100 cm⁻³). The quantitative occurrence of the bacteria in question varied in relation to the physical and chemical parameters of the water, which was evidenced by Spearman’s statistical analysis.
Water in the Drwęca River has been monitored in terms of differences in counts of bacteria which are active in transformations of nitrogen compounds depend on various man-made activity. In 2000–2001 samples of waters were assayed for counts of proteolytic, ammonifying, AOB, NOB, N-NO₃ to N-NO₂ reducing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria as well as anaerobic (Clostridium pasteurianum) and aerobic (Azotobacter sp.) atmospheric nitrogen binding bacteria, which differed within several orders (0–10⁵ cfu 1 cm⁻³ or MPN 100 cm⁻³) depending on the analysed physiological group of bacteria, sampling site or date. Statistically significant differences in counts of particular groups of microorganisms in the analysed water samples collected from the Drwęca River proved between the sampling dates only confirm that the river may be seasonally polluted by domestic sewage from towns and villages located in the river catchment or be associated with the cyclic nature of fisheries and/or agricultural production.
This paper discusses a new environmental flow method based on the adapted building block approach. A four-step procedure is outlined in this paper: (1) selecting biota of interest and organizing a team of specialists (2) selecting river reaches of interest (3) defining flow requirements of selected biota (4) defining environmental flow indicators The focus is placed on two elements of river and wetland ecosystems: fish and floodplain wetland vegetation. The method is applied to identify changes in the environmental flow indicators between 1976-83 (“past”) and 2001-08 (“present”) in 16 selected river reaches of the Narew basin, a large semi-natural lowland catchment situated in northeastern Poland. The results indicate that hydrological conditions for fish and floodplain wetland vegetation were significantly better in the past period compared to the present.
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