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Integration of herbicide and fertilization treatments as well as search for effective fungicide preparations are of a particular importance in plant disease control. The aim of this three-year experiment w to assess the effect of herbicide treatments and methods of nitrogen application on the occurrence of root and foot rot caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis, Fusarium spp., Oculimacula spp., Rhizoctonia spp., and to determine frequency of fungi infesting the stem base. The results have demonstrated that soil nitrogen fertilization limited symptoms of take-all but favoured more intensive presentation of sharp eyespot. The symptoms of cereal and grass eyespot as well as those of take-all became more visible when nitrogen was applied to the soil than on leaves. A mixture of the herbicides Chwastox 300 SL and Starane 250 EC was the most effective in controlling sharp eyespot, while soil and foliar application were the most effective in controlling take-all. Granstar 75 WG, applied separately or in combination with the herbicides Starane 250 EC and Chwastox 300 SL, resulted in more pronounced symptoms of sharp eyespot and take-all.
The lesser grain borer (Rhizopertha dominica F.) belongs to insects, which cause the highest and most severe losses in stored products. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of the technological properties of three different wheat cultivars on the development of this insect species. The material for the study consisted of grains of three wheat cultivars: Figura, Kampana and Komnata. The experiment was carried out under fixed conditions: 30°C and 75% humidity. Statistically significant effect of all the analyzed factors and their mutual interactions on the analyzed parameters was shown, except a wheat cultivar factor, which proved to be non-significant in respect to the abundance of new generation of beetles. The cultivar Kampana, classified as class C wheat, i.e. fodder wheat, proved to be susceptible to feeding by the lesser grain borer.
The confused flour beetle is one the most common pest insects invading stored food products with high content of starch. The object of the studies was to determine the adaptability of the pest to infest different quality groups of wheat grain divided into grain size fractions. Survivability of the confused flour beetle taking into consideration the quality and quantity of nutrient substance was studied; as well as the course and length of this developmental cycle. The results of performed studies revealed that a wheat cultivar factor significant affected development of the pest. It was also stated that pest beetles preferred grain of wheat cultivars with low protein content and pure technological quality of gluten. In contrast, grain of cultivars characterized by a high technological quality such as Korweta and Jasna were more tolerant to infestation by this pest.
The objective of the study was to determine the species composition and structure of carabid beetles, which may have some effect on reducing the abundance of pest insects colonizing winter oilseed rape plantations. The experiment was conducted in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn (UTM DE 65) in 2005–2006. Four fields cropped with winter oilseed rape were included to the study. The fauna material was captured with Barber traps. During the two-year observations, 3038 individuals belonging to 70 species of Carabidae were caught. It was shown that oilseed rape did not possess stable assemblages of Carabidae that would be characteristic for this crop alone, as the analyzed fields were populated by completely distinct beetle communities, different in the species composition and dominance relationships. Nonetheless, each of the assemblages was characterized by quite a high species richness and abundance of carabid beetles.
The study was conducted on two shrub willow plantations in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn. Carabid beetles were captured in 2005–2006, using modified Barber traps. The results show that willow plantations can be a special type of thicket assemblages, which favour the development of various ecological groups belonging to Carabidae. The collected beetles comprised a large share of the ground beetles classified as large- and medium-size zoophages and hemizoophages with autumn type of development, which prefer moderately humid open spaces.
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