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It is generally claimed that surface runoff in forested catchments is minimal and therefore nutrient fluxes via runoff are unimportant. However, significant catchment slope inclination may promote overland water flow and, therefore, surface runoff might be responsible for transferring important nutrient loads to the lake. It was found that surface runoff waters within the catchment of Piaseczno Małe Lake have low pH (4.7-5.6), brown colour (max. 240 mgPt・dm⁻³), and high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (max. ca 100 mgC・dm⁻³) – a major component of humic acids. Moreover, considerably high concentrations of biogenic substances were noted. Compared to beech-growing areas, surface runoff from pine forests contained higher concentrations of organic carbon, but lower concentrations of biogenic substances – differences were statistically significant. Similar tendencies were observed in the laboratory experiment. Moreover, the release of chemical substances from forest litter was found to be rapid. The most significant increase in nitrogen and phosphorus ions concentration and water colour and a decrease of pH were observed after the first hour of the experiment. Fluctuations of the colour and pH of the lake water (with the most intense brown colour and the lowest pH of the lake water observed in the periods of the highest rainfall and surface runoffs) indicate a significant role of surface runoff in the determination of the dystrophic condition of Piaseczno Małe Lake.
Iron (Fe) represents a highly essential element for various biological processes. In spite of this very little is known as regards its status in mammalian reproductive tissues and factors that may potentially influence it. At the same time, there is an ongoing debate as to whether analyses of the Fe content in hair can provide reliable information on its tissue burden. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the content of Fe in the testicular and uterine tissues, and hair of the domestic cat (Felis catus) and how this content relates to an animal’s age, weight, physical activity, inhabited environment and diet. The median Fe content in the feline reproductive tissues amounted to 50.8 ppm and in hair to 180.2 ppm. As found, free-ranging cats were characterized by a significantly higher Fe content in reproductive tissues, particularly in the uterus. Age, weight and physical activity had no effect on determined Fe levels. The type of commercial diet (wet, dry or combined) given to household cats also had no influence upon Fe status in hair and tissue although males fed exclusively on dry food had a lower Fetestis:Fehair ratio. Hair Fe level was positively correlated with that found in the reproductive tissues (Rs=0.30). This study extends the body of information on Fe distribution in felines, demonstrates the difference between free-ranging and household cats and provides evidence that Fe hair status may, at least partially, reflect the status of this element in the feline reproductive system.
Obesity is associated with possible complications like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of composite herbal extracts on blood lipids, glucose metabolism, leptin and homocystein. randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 51 overweight, healthy subjects. Preparation of nutrifin® support in a form of tablets, which is a botanical water extract composed of green tea extract, bean peels and asparagus was used. changes in lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, leptin and homocysteine failed to produce statistically significant difference. Alteration of lipid profile including: changes of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were: –9.4%, –18.7%, +11.8%, –13.4% for nutrifin® support group and –8.0%, –12.2%, +1.4% and 14.8% for placebo group, respectively. Differences between groups were not significant. The change in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol strongly correlated with start values of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The correlation coefficients were –0.92 and –0.91 (p<0.001) in active extract group, respectively. Most of researched changes in blood parameters in both groups were not significant, but the reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was strongly correlated with lipids levels at the start of the study.
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