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Modern imaging techniques, such as computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MRI) are among the basic diagnostic methods for various afflictions in human medicine. Recently, these methods have become of great interest in veterinary medicine. Despite the high cost associated with the purchase of such diagnostic equipment, their pres­ence is increasingly visible in veterinary clinics, and this is particularly true for computer tomography. Magnetic resonance is a more sensitive diagnostic method, although its pur­chase is associated with higher expenditure than in the case of CT. At present, veterinary practitioners are increasingly more frequently entering into cooperation with centres of medical science or private clinics, for the benefit of the patient, which possess MRI. The basis for correct reading of the image and interpretation of results is faultless knowl­edge of clinical anatomy and topography of individual structures in the central nervous system. Furthermore, thanks to this knowledge, it is possible to investigate anatomical vari­ance.
Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, parasitic diseases, caused in humans by the larval stage of tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are rare diseases in Poland. We have diagnosed 71 patients with cystic echinococcosis and 10 patients with alveolar echinococcosis during last 12 years. Echinococcosis still create significant diagnostic difficulties, particularly alveolar one. Progress and actually available radiological imaging techniques, which can be applied in the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis diagnostics, are presented. Ultrasound appearance, CT, MRI images are described. Own experience with Proton Magnetic Resonans Spectroscopy in two patients with recurrent alveolar echinococcosis are presented.
Introduction: Neurological disorders are the most common cause of serious disability and have a major impact on financial healthrelated burden to society. Most of them are definitely associated with cell death: sudden or chronic. Conventional treatment methods yield disappointing results. Thus the discoveries in stem cell biology have fueled the interest in cell-based therapeutical approach. Based on experimental data cord blood has been proposed as a novel, autologous cell source for pediatric population. Non-invasive monitoring of cell fate following transplantation has been recently recommended as a basis for rational stem cell therapy. Subject: One year old child experienced devastating, cardiac arrest-induced cerebral ischemia. Despite a broad rehabilitation program diagnose of vegetative state has been established three months later. After next three months of continued rehabilitation no noticeable improvement has also been found and the child has been included into study. The protocol has been approved by the ethical commission of The Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland. Then the child’s own cord blood cells have been neurally-converted over 10 days in culture within GMP facility. Prior to transplantation cells were labeled with iron oxide (SPIO) for MR imaging. For scaling sensitivity of MR signal different concentrations of SPIO-labeled cells were scanned in the phantom. Then patient received monthly 3 subsequent cell infusions (1.2 x 107 cells each) to lateral ventricles. The follow up continued up to 6 months and included both clinical assessment and MR examinations. Results: High efficiency of neural cell conversion and SPIO labeling as well as no cytotoxicity were observed. The employed method of cell transplantation was found to be efficient to deliver cells to CNS as confirmed by MR imaging. Gradual decrease of SPIO signal intensity was observed over the period of follow up. No adverse events or abnormal reaction to cell implantation was detected. The follow up revealed mild functional improvement - decreased nystagmus, spasticity and the number of epileptic seizures. Moreover, the features of the child contact with parents has appeared, thus vegetative state can not be diagnosed any more. Conclusions: This report indicates that transplantation of autologous, neurally-committed cord blood-derived cells to the ventricular system of child is safe, feasible and able to result with mild functional improvement. Additionally cell-related MRI signal can be monitored for more than 4 months in transplanted brain hemisphere. Supported by MSHE grants no 0141/B/P01/2008/35 and 0142/B/ P01/2008/35.
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