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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has revolutionised the process of collecting and processing data, therefore, more and more data recorded in an analogue form are transformed into the digital format. However, the process of generating vector models poses a risk of appearing defects of different types. A methodology of correcting common geometric and topological errors that appear in the manual vectorization of a raster model was presented in the paper. The research material was the vector layer including the digitized version of several dozens of drawings of spatial development plans. The paper also presents a procedure for creating a vector model of spatial data with attention paid to potential sources of errors which could be incurred at the stage of its creation as well as indicates methods for their prevention. The tools and plug-ins for evaluation and revision of geometric and topological correctness of a vector model implemented in QGIS software were mainly used in the survey. Elaborated algorithms are aimed at acceleration of data processing to allow their usage during that process. Indeed, proper conducting of spatial analyses needs to administer a data set which is free of errors. Only then, is it possible to obtain proper results and draw appropriate conclusions.
The dynamic urbanization process, which results from widespread anthropogenic transformation, affects landscape changes. These changes, measured using various factors and indices, are the subject of research around the world. The purpose of the present work was to analyse the spatial structure of anthropogenic elements of land cover. On the basis of the landscape metric – the MSI index (Mean Shape Index), the geometry configuration of individual land cover elements was checked. A Kernel Density tool was used to create a map of the elements of density distribution. The information thus obtained about the surface of anthropogenic elements of land cover expressed in [m²], per 1 km² of space, made it possible to indicate the location of areas most transformed by human activity. The area of research encompassed urban municipalities – of Tarnów and Nowy Sącz. As the source material, the vector layer of land cover was used (BDOT10k –Topographic Objects Database), which was reclassified into 11 new categories. The GIS (Geographical Information System) tools available in the QGIS and ArcGIS software were used for the purpose of the analysis. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that despite a similar percentage of anthropogenic elements of land cover, the studied areas show a different character in terms of their spatial distribution and complexity of their geometry. In the case of Nowy Sącz, small point enclaves of areas showing high density of anthropogenically transformed surfaces were observed. These surfaces are characterized by a considerable degree of dispersion but a small degree of geometrical complexity. In the city of Tarnów, the research we conducted showed a different tendency due to the much larger size of the aforementioned enclaves. Tarnów is characterized by a higher share of developed areas in the city centre, whereas Nowy Sącz is more uniform in the growth of such areas in particular density zones. Moreover, in Tarnów, along with the increase in the density of the anthropogenic land cover, the complexity of the geometry of land cover elements decreases, whereas in the case of Nowy Sącz, the value of the MSI landscape metric is proportionally inversed.
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