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The main purpose of the research undertaken within small post-glacial catchment was a delimitation of the geosystem functional structure. The base of this research was the study of water and denudation matter migration. According to the different of the morphological, hydrological and hydrogeological conditions the geosystem was divided into 9 types of functional units (subcatchments), that are homogenous of matter migration and denudation cycle. On the basis of results of hydrochemical analysis it was found out that 2 general types of surface waters occurs within researched area. The upper morainic type – acid, low mineralized (similar to rainfall water) and the valley type - significantly higher mineralized with neutral pH values. This difference is strongly connected with hydrogeological and hydrographical structure, which have impact on alimentation of surface waters: rainfall - based or ground water - based. It is also observed connection between delimited functional types of elementary catchments and hydrochemical parameters.
The paper discusses the diversity of the main functional processes that determine the formation of specific types of ecosystems in two types of coastal areas: cliffs and lowlands. The survey was conducted in selected areas of the Gdańsk Coast.In the case of low coasts, the objective was to identify the effects of the sea on the formation of the surface water properties that determine the presence of halophytes. The studies conducted indicate that these properties in brackish areas differ significantly in respect of electrolytic conductivity and chloride content from waters occurring in areas not occupied by halophyte communities. Based on the results obtained, it was found that in the studied coastal zone the occurrence of salt grassland ecosystems is associated with water conductivity above 2,000 S∙cm-1 and chloride content above 600 mg∙dm-3. These values are many times higher than average values for typical inland waters in the Pomerania area, which clearly indicates the dominant role of the brackish water inflow from the Baltic Sea in shaping the environmental conditions for the occurrence of such ecosystems. At the same time, it was found that high water conductivity and salinity conditions were maintained at a distance of about 100-250 m (Władysławowo) to more than 600 m from the seacoast (Beka). This differentiation depends both on the local conditions of seawater intrusion inland and on the intensity of inland surface and ground water inflows.In the case of cliff shores, the results of soil and habitat identification and their relationships with the dynamics of morphodynamic processes (abrasion, slope processes) were summarised. On this basis, the characteristics of the main types of cliff ecosystems (initial grassland communities, scrub with sea buckthorns, low stemmed scrub and sycamore forests) were presented. The results indicate that the varying intensity of the slope processes significantly affects the diversity of soil types and soil properties, including the presence of calcium carbonate and the high pH values in active cliffs. These features, among others, discriminate the cliff ecosystems commonly found in the Pomerania region.
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