Wyniki wyszukiwania

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Belgrade’s urban transport CO2 emissions from an international perspective

100%

Jovanovic M. M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2016

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tom 25

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nr 2

Focusing on the implementation of increas ingly strict energy and emission standards, the effect of the rapid increase in the use of motor vehicles on the degree of air pollution and energy consumption is completely neglected. All recent technological improvements and changes in the transport sector: substitution of fuels, increased use of diesel vehicles, direct gasoline injection, supercharging, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, etc., cannot offset massive growth in traffic, combined with significantly heavier, more powerful, more luxurious and thus more fuel-consuming vehicles. Hence, in this paper we focused on the carbon emissions and energy consumption of urban transport in Belgrade from an international perspective. Although the level of automobile CO2 emissions in Belgrade is still very low at 228 CO2 kg/per capita, due to the low volume of automobile passenger kilometres (1,502 pkm), the fact must not be overlooked that automobile mobility is of major importance to the total level of energy consumption in urban transport, and this can change surprisingly quickly. Only if Belgrade adopts transport and spatial development strategies similar to those applied by wealthy Asian metropolises at a similar stage of development is there high probability that its total urban transport CO2 emissions will stop at a reasonable level of around 700-800 kg CO2/per capita. Belgrade can prevent a dramatic increase in CO2 emissions and energy consumption (and mitigate the negative local environmental effects of traffi c congestion, traffi c accidents, and air pollution), only if it: 1. Implements a more decisive strategy to limit private vehicle use while its level of car passenger km (PKT) is still relatively low. 2. Does not try to solve its transport problems only by trying to build urban road infrastructure (bridges and ring roads). 3. Concentrates on more CO2 and energy-effi cient urban transport systems, while at the same time …. 4. Developing urban rail systems (metro or LRT) with exclusive tracks that are immune to traffic congestion on urban streets.

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Challenges ahead: Mitigating air transport carbon emissions

63%

Jovanovic M. M., Vracarevic B. R.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2016

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tom 25

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nr 5

In this paper we confront widely accepted global climate stabilization goals (70% reduction of CO2 emissions) with the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) forecasts of future commercial aviation growth, in order to explore the real possibilities of realizing these climate stabilization goals. By using ICAO forecasts, we clearly show that, instead of the proclaimed 70% reduction of CO2 emissions, air transport’s CO2 emissions are going to rise five-fold (4.9 times) in the 2005-40 period. But even if a 70% increase of aviation’s energy efficiency and reduction of CO2 emissions could be somehow (miraculously) achieved, CO2 emissions of air transport would be higher by 50% in 2040 (than in 2005), due to the sudden increase in the volume of air-transport tourist trips. So, if the aim is to achieve ambitious energy consumption and GHG reduction for air transport within the next few decades, policies should aim at reducing total consumption, which means reducing VKT – not just vehicle-specific consumption. Due to the extremely high growth rates in the volume of air traffic, it is highly unlikely that technical progress of engines will be sufficient to reduce overall emissions or even keep them at today’s levels. Hence, the policy focus should shift to more rigorous and efficient implementation of market-driven instruments, which, apart from creating incentives to develop and use low-emission technologies, can also reduce the demand for travel.

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Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as the basis for local forest management. Example of the municipality of Topola, Serbia

63%

Jovanovic M. M., Milanovic M. M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2015

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tom 24

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nr 2

In this article we clearly showed that determination of spectral index of vegetation can be of great help in forest management, particularly on the regional and local levels. Forest detection technology based on remote sensing has advanced to a point where it surpasses all other types of wood detection techniques. The main goal of this paper is to present the results of the implementation of remote sensing in the analysis of forests in the municipality of Topola through the use of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). With regard to the fact that vegetation in Serbia is increasingly destroyed, the authors of this paper would like to suggest application of a method that is based on interconnectivity of surface evaluation and analytical deciphering of remotely sensed images. Forests are clearly distinguished on images in terms of their borders, forms, and tonalities, which makes them easily noticeable even on the small images. The application of this method is not limited only to analysis of the current state of forests. It may also cover degraded forest areas and help in the detection of illegal timber harvesting. Hence it can serve as the basis for the much better future local forest management of Serbian municipalities, and can easily be applied to other Balkan countries that have similar situations in the sphere of local forest management.

Ograniczanie wyników

3 Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

3 Jovanovic M. M.

1 Milanovic M. M.

1 Vracarevic B. R.

2 2016

1 2015

Belgrade’s urban transport CO2 emissions from an international perspective

Challenges ahead: Mitigating air transport carbon emissions

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as the basis for local forest management. Example of the municipality of Topola, Serbia