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As it is well known, the share of microorganisms in the fertility and soil health is very important. Soil microorganisms play a major role in organic matter mineralization, provide nutrients to plants, and improve the soil structure. The size of the soil organisms is very variable. It depends primarily on the water and air relations in the soil as well as the temperature. The aim of the research was to determine the content of live microorganisms biomass in the soil under rape, maize, bean and wheat crops including the rhizosphere. The analyzes were carried out in different vegetation periods and phases of plant development on the example of the farm in Starza. Determination of living microorganisms biomass was carried out applying the method developed by Anderson and Domsch. The biomass content of live microorganisms in the soil was dependent on the cultivated plant, growing date and phase, as well as the proximity of the rhizosphere.
One of the problems in the development of the agro-food industry is the production of enormous quantities of organic waste. In recent years, in order to minimize the negative impact of waste on the environment, emphasis is put on their recycling. Organic matter derived from poultry industry waste can be processed into other products, including compost. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytoremediation of selected plant species on the compost substrate obtained from the poultry waste as compared to other commercial composts available on the market. Analyses used the Phytotoxkit containing three test species: sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum), bittercress (Lepidium sativum) and white mustard (Sinapis alba). The test plants were placed on four different substrates: control soil, poultry compost, vermicompost and Compo Sana®. Phyto-reactivity of plants tested on compost prepared from poultry waste on a background of other commercial products was dependent on the plant species and the type of substrate. Poultry waste compost exhibited equally good nutritional properties in the composition of macro and micronutrients, which determined the growth and development of seedlings. It particularly refers to the stimulation of the growth of underground parts of mustard and bittercress, respectively 65% and 86% of the control value, and the aboveground parts, that were higher by 46% and 38%, respectively.
Soil phytotoxicity studies were performed with different doses of creosote by means of the PHYTOTOXKIT test, using Sinapis alba, Lepidium sativum, Sorghum saccharatum as test plants. The obtained results indicate highly signifiant effect of the creosote dose, duration of soil incubation, type of test plant and period, after which the root length measurement was performed during the phytotoxicity index root test. The analysis of results indicates the highest sensitivity of Sorghum saccharatum to creosote and the highest correlation of results obtained with the aid of Lepidium sativum when measuring the root length after the fist day the seeds are lined with the size of the dose. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to predict the reaction of test plants on the size of creosote dose as well as to assess its amount in the soil based on the root phytotoxicity. These results allow for a signifiant simplifiation of the test and shorten its duration. This allows the modifid test to be used for simple monitoring of not only the phytotoxicity but also the creosote residues during reclamation of contaminated soil.
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