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White Agaricus bisporus is both the most popular and the most commonly eaten edible mushroom species in the world. It is popular not only because of its taste, but also due to its high level of nutrients: dietary fiber (chitin), essential, semi-essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and linolenic acids, easily digestible proteins, sterols, phenolic and indole compounds, and vitamins − especially provitamin D2 andB1 , B2 , B6 , B7 , and C. Fruiting bodies of A. bisporus have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activity. The presence of antioxidant ergothioneine (which also displays the antimutagenic, chemo- and radioprotective activity) is also noteworthy. A. bisporus also contains derivatives of benzoquinone, a substance which belongs to the group of antibiotics. Studies of tyrosinase isolated from this species show its very high similarity to human tyrosinase. This points directly to the fact that this species could be a rich source of tyrosinase used for medicinal and cosmetics purposes. A. bisporus is also a rich source of selenium, zinc and other elements such as magnesium, copper, iron, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur or manganese. In conclusion, the presence of these compounds and elements with biological activity in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus confirms their nutraceutical and medicinal properties.
The aim of this study was to determine the contents of cadmium and lead ions in edible mushrooms collected from the natural environment. Then the degree of heavy metals released from their fruiting bodies into artificial digestive juices was determined. The experiment involved seven species of edible mushrooms. The study also involved in vitro cultures of Imleria badia enriched with cadmium and lead, in order to determine the relationship of increased metal content in the culture medium and the degree of their accumulation in the resulting biomass. This was shown in conditions simulating the human gastrointestinal tract, after extracting from mushroom material into artificial digestive juices, and was found that the contents of cadmium and lead are well below the acceptable limits for human consumption. A small percentage of these metals released into artificial digestive juices from the in vitro cultures cultivated on media with cadmium and lead ions indicate that both metals are highly accumulated in mushrooms. It was shown that both elements are released more efficiently in the environment of gastric juice, where 23.6% and 21.5% of the total contents in the examined mushrooms were found to be cadmium and lead, respectively. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the examined species of mushrooms collected from their natural environment are not a threat to human health due to the presence of the examined heavy metals.
Single administration of zinc evokes pharmacological behavioral effects in rodents, while no brain zinc alterations were detected. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a single zinc hydroaspartate intraperitoneal (ip) administration on the extracellular (synaptic) zinc concentration in the rat prefrontal cortex. We used anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) method of zinc determination in microdialysate, which assays the extracellular zinc concentration. We report that acute (65 mg/kg) zinc hydroaspartate administration (ip) increases the extracellular zinc by 48% in the rat prefrontal cortex. These data for the first time demonstrate: 1) utility of ASV zinc detection in brain microdialysates and 2) that single ip zinc administration increases brain (cortical) extracellular zinc pool. The results indicate zinc-induced fast brain penetration and may explain its rapid pharmacological effects.
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