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1

Environmental stress increases plasma tumor necrosis factor and decreases interferon gamma levels in rats

100%
Wrona D., Zander A., Slominska L., Grembecka B.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Zoologia
|
2008
|
tom 50
29-36
2

Interhemispheric relations in the motor function of the subthalamic region

100%
Ledochowski P., Grembecka B., Jerzemowska G., Trojniar W.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2007
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tom 67
|
nr 3
3

High frequency stimulation of the subthalaic nucleus increases blood NK cell number in hemiparkinsonian rats differing in response to novelty

76%
Grembecka B., Glac W., Plucinska K., Ledochowski P., Gora A., Badtke P., Wrona D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
High frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a surgical therapy for improving of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we assessed the HFS effects on cytometric analysis of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (T, B, NK, T helper, T cytotoxic) in freely moving hemiparkinsonian rats. Before unilateral lesion of the right substantia nigra pars compacta (6-hydroxydopamine), all rats were divided into two behavioral groups: high-HR and low-LR responders in novelty test. As compared to the sham controls, HFS of STN signifi cantly increases NK cell percentage number (25.86 ± 9.68% vs. 18.79 ± 5.63%, P<0.05). In contrast, signifi cantly (P<0.05) lower B lymphocytes level in stimulated (18.86 ± 3.91%) then sham group (22.80 ± 4.63%) was observed. These general changes in NK and B lymphocyte numbers were refl ected in HR stimulated animals (31.08 ± 7.19% vs. 20.44 ± 5.65% for NK cells number and 17.67 ± 2.57% vs. 23.23 ± 3.37% for B lymphocyte, stimulated vs controls, respectively, P<0.01). On the other hand, signifi - cantly lower T lymphocyte level in LR stimulated animals in comparison to LR controls was found (38.32 ± 4.18% vs. 45.91 ± 5.68%). Moreover, signifi cant differences between stimulated HRS and LRS in the NK and T cytotoxic percentages were found (31.08 ± 7.19% vs. 17.63 ± 6.74%, P<0.05; 8.46 ± 1.83% vs. 12.29 ± 1.76%, P<0.01). The results emphasize the importance of individual differences in reactivity to novelty on immune response to HFS of STN.
4

Beneficial effect of high frequency stimulation of subthalamic nucleus on Vermicelli handling test behavior after partial nigral depletion in rats

76%
Grembecka B., Dzbenska E., Ziołkowska N., Majkutewicz I., Plucinska K., Ptaszek K., Wrona D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2017
|
tom 77
|
nr Suppl.1
INTRODUCTION: Loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) lead to motor deficits observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neurosurgical therapy of choice is high frequency stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) improved motor control. The motor impairment depends on the progression of nigral degeneration and in rats model of PD may be measured by Vermicelli handling test (VHT). AIM(S): The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of HFS‑STN on VHT behavior in rats with early PD model, induced by 6-OHDA infusion into SNpc. METHOD(S): Male Wistar rats (n=12) were implanted unilaterally for HFS-STN and received a intranigral infusion of 6-OHDA. 5 days before infusion rats were trained on handle 7 cm lengths of vermicelli pasta and acclimated to video recording. Then, rats were subjected to HFS-STN for 7 days (1 h daily) at intensity just below triggering forelimb dyskinesia or SHAM stimulation. The VHT was providing in both groups each day. The number of adjustments made with each forepaw per each pasta piece, which allow definite Vermicelli asymmetry ratio (VAR) and time to eat were analyzed. PD model have been verified by the detection of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. For a statistical analysis of the results, SPSS software was used. RESULTS: U-Man Whitney tests showed that HFS-STN stimulated rats consumed the pasta significantly faster than the SHAM (p≤0.001) across days 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, and 7th after 6-OHDA infusion. Interestingly, the VAR was higher in HFS-STN rats in 1st and 4th (p≤0.001 and p≤0.01) days in comparison to SHAM animals. The atypical behaviors were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The HFS-STN applied in partial dopamine depleted rats influence on time of pasta eating and enhanced asymmetries in forepaw adjustments. The obtained results suggest that faster eating after HFS-STN may be related with amelioration of orofacial movements or increased motivation for food, but not with forepaw manipulation improvement. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Supported by the Department of Animal and Human Physiology found 530-L124-D248-16.
5

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation influence on erythrocyte number and hemoglobin levels in a rat model of early Parkinson's disease

76%
Grembecka B., Koriat P., Podlacha M., Majkutewicz I., Ptaszek K., Plucinska K., Wrona D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2019
|
tom 79
|
nr Suppl.1
INTRODUCTION: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is most effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) motor symptoms. A number of epidemiological studies have recently highlighted the association between hemoglobin (HGB) levels and PD risk. Interestingly, several lines of evidence confirm that STN-DBS increases regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen concentrations in target brain areas. AIM(S): Considering the close association between oxygen concentration, red blood number (RBC), and HBG, we hypothesized that enhanced blood flow during STN-DBS may influence peripheral RBC parameters in a rat model of early PD. METHOD(S): Male Wistar rats were implanted unilaterally for STN-DBS and received intranigral (substantia nigra pars compacta, SNpc) infusion of 6‑OHDA. After recovery, rats were subjected to STN-DBS for 7 days (1h daily, n=6) or SHAM stimulation (control, n=6). Immediately after collection, peripheral blood samples were analyzed using automated hematology analyzer (Cell Dyn 3700). The RBC number, hematocrit percentage (HCT), HGB concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured. PD model was verified by the detection of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in SNpc. For a statistical analysis of the results, SPSS 22.0 software was used. RESULTS: The Student’s t‑test showed that STN‑DBS rats had a significantly higher number of RBC in comparison to the SHAM rats (t(10)=‑2.912; p≤0.05). The HCT percentage slightly increased but differences did not reach statistical significance. Mann‑Whitney U tests showed that HGB level was higher in STN-DBS rats (Z=‑1.290; p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The STN-DBS applied in a rat model of early PD has an influence on RBC number and HGB level. The obtained results suggest that there are peripheral compensation mechanisms for the increased oxygen demand during STN‑DBS in rats. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Department of Animal and Human Physiology fund.
6

Dimethyl fumarate alleviates reference memory impairment and modulates brainderived neurothropic factor expression in streptozotocin-induced rat model Alzheimer's disease

76%
Kurowska E., Majkutewicz I., Myslinska D., Grembecka B., Grzybowska M., Podlacha M., Rucinski J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr Supl.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection ofstreptozotocin (STZ) induces brain glucose hypometabolism, memory impairment, progressive cholinergic deficit, activation of microglia, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. It is used as an animal model of sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to determine if dimethyl fumarate (DMF), oral anti-oxidative and immunosuppressive drug, alleviates spatial reference memory impairments in STZ-icv induced rat model of AD. Additionally, the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was measured. METHODS: There were four experimental groups: STZ DMF (n=8) – STZ-icv infused and fed with 0.4% DMF fodder for three weeks until spatial memory test of Morris, STZ CTR (n=8) – STZ-icv infused and fed with standard fodder, and VEH DMF and VEH CTR groups (n=10) – vehicle-icv infused and fed with 0.4% DMF or standard fodder, respectively. A three-day Morris water maze test (four trials per day with unchanged platform location) and the probe test on the fourth day were performed. Rats were sacrificed and brain subjected to immunofluorescent BDNF labeling. RESULTS: The latency to reach the platform in the second and third day of testing was significantly longer in the STZ CTR rats than in the remaining groups, which showed tendency to reduce the latency day by day. STZ DMF rats did not differ in the results of the spatial memory test of Morris from control VEH CTR and VEH DMF groups. All STZ rats showed reduced BDNF expression in the hippocampus, but in the hypothalamus STZ DMF showed more BDNF+ cells than STZ CTR rats. CONCLUSION: Oral medication with DMF alleviates spatial reference memory impaired after STZ-icv infusion. The decrease of BDNF expression after STZ-icv infusion was prevented by DMF in the hypothalamus. The study was financed by the National Science Centre Poland on the basis of decision DEC-2013/09/D/NZ4/01658.
7

Streptozotocin and dimenthyl fumarate decreases plasma tumor necrosis factor Alpha concentration in rats

76%
Grzybowska M., Podlacha M., Majkutewicz I., Kurowska E., Myslinska D., Grembecka B., Wrona D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr Supl.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aims to determine if dimethyl fumarate (DMF), antioxidant having immunosuppressive properties, taken orally for three weeks will affect plasma tumor necrosis factor  alpha (TNF-α) concentration in an animal model of sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) induced by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of betacytotoxic drug, streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS: Blood samples from young, male Wistar rats divided into four groups: STZ DMF (subjected to icv injection of STZ, fed with 0.4% DMF fodder), VEH DMF (subjected to icv injection of vehicle, fed with 0.4% DMF fodder), STZ CTR (subjected to icv injection of STZ, fed with standard fodder), VEH CTR (subjected to icv injection of vehicle, fed with standard fodder) were taken one hour after Morris water maze test finishing. Then, TNF-α concentration was determined with ELISA method using a Rat TNF-α ELISA Kit. RESULTS: Injections of STZ in rats being on the control feed (STZ/ CTR) significantly decreased (P≤0.05) the  plasma concentration of  TNF-α (22±2 pg/ml; mean±SE) as compared to the controls (VEH/CTR: 33±3 pg/ml). Moreover, within the STZ/DMF group, a significant (P≤0.01) decrease in the concentration of  TNF-α (22±0.8 pg/ml)  as compared to the controls  (VEH/DMF: 30±2 pg/ ml), was observed. CONCLUSION: The obtained results indicate that streptozotocin injection and feeding with dimethyl fumarate of the streptozotocininduced sAD rats reduce such a peripheral blood pro-inflammatory cytokine level as TNF-α.
8

Dimethyl fumarate prevents spatial working memory impairment and does not affect brain IL-6 expression in streptozotocininducted rat model of Alzheimer's disease

76%
Majkutewicz I., Kurowska E., Myslinska D., Grembecka B., Grzybowska M., Podlacha M., Rucinski J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr Supl.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Animal model of sporadic form of Alzheimer Disease (AD) evoked by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of betacytotoxic drug, streptozotocin (STZ), reflects memory impairments, brain hypometabolism, cholinergic deficit, activation of microglia and neurodegeneration found in AD patients. Brain inflammation is important factor contributing to exacerbation of AD symptoms, but some studies show neuroprotective properties of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. The aim of this study was to determine if dimethyl fumarate (DMF), which has anti-oxidative and immunosuppressive properties, can alleviate spatial working memory impairments in STZ-icv induced rat model of AD and change the expression of IL-6 in the brains. METHODS: Four experimental groups were separated: STZ DMF (n=8) – STZ-icv infused and fed with 0.4% DMF fodder for three weeks until spatial memory test of Morris, STZ CTR (n=8) – STZicv infused and fed with standard fodder, and VEH DMF and VEH CTR groups (n=10) – vehicle-icv infused and fed with 0.4% DMF or standard fodder, respectively. Morris water maze testing was performed for three days, with four trials per day with unchanged platform location, and rats were then sacrificed and brains subjected to immunofluorescent IL-6 labeling. RESULTS: The latency to reach the platform in each trial was significantly longer in the STZ CTR rats than in the remaining groups. STZ CTR was the only group which did not decrease the latency and the distance swum to platform in the consecutive trials. STZicv infused rats  (STZ CTR and STZ DMF groups) had also lower number of the IL-6 expressing cells in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus than control VEH CTR rats. CONCLUSION: Oral medication with DMF prevents spatial working memory impairment evoked by STZ-icv infusion, but has no influence on the central expression of IL-6. The study was financed by the National Science Centre Poland on the basis of decision DEC-2013/09/D/NZ4/01658.
9

Lesion and stimulation of the mesolimbic motivational dopamine system influence blood peripheral lymphocyte percentage in rats differing in locomotor activity

76%
Plucinska K., Grembecka B., Glac W., Myslinska D., Jerzemowska G., Wrona D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
The mesolimbic dopamine system, that plays a pivotal role in emotionally motivated behaviours, originates in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and sends major projections to the nucleus accumbens (Acb). In the present work, we assessed the effects of manipulation in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system identified with the “brain reward system” on the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in freely moving rats differing in locomotor activity to novelty (high responders; HR or low responders; LR). T and B lymphocyte populations were determined by flow cytometry (CD3-FITC/CD45RA-PC7). Peripheral blood was collected from rats exposed to chronic 14 day VTA electrical stimulation to obtain feeding or exploration response (constant current 0.1 ms duration, cathodal pulses, 50 Hz, 30-min daily session) and with a lesion electrode aimed at Acb: 3 weeks after electrode implantation, after 2 weeks of chronic VTA stimulation, on the 2nd day after the Acb lesion (2mA for 15s) and on the 14th VTA stimulation day following the Acb lesion. As compared to the respective sham animals, chronic stimulation of the VTA caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in T cell percentage in both HR (33.32 ± 5.39% vs 48.04 ± 7.45%) and LR (44.99 ± 2.94% vs 51 ± 3.57%) animals. In addition, significantly (p<0.05) lower level of T cell percentage in HR animals (40.13±3.64% vs 50.94 ± 5.87%) rats were observed. On the 14th VTA stimulation day following the Acb lesion, significant (p<0.05) decrease in B cell percentage in both HR (12.47 ± 3.55% vs 19.45 ± 1.58%) and LR (7.09 ± 2.48% vs 16.5 ± 3.46%) animals was observed. On the other hand, chronic stimulation of the VTA (20.99 ± 3.38% vs 17.65 ± 0.49%) and Acb lesion (25.14 ± 2.48% vs 20.62 ± 0.85%) caused significant increase (p<0.05) in B cell percentage in HR animals. The results emphasize the importance of individual differences (HR vs LR) in the influence of the mesolimbic motivational system on blood lymphocyte distribution.
10

Electrical stimulation of the medial septal nucleus increases cytotoxic activity of NK cells in the spleen and peripheral blood in rats

64%
Plucinska K., Grembecka B., Glac W., Budtke P., Jerzemowska G., Myslinska D., Orlikowska A., Wrona D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
The medial septal nucleus (MS) is a forebrain limbic structure involved in learning and memory mechanisms. In previous study we found that electrolytic lesion of the medial septal nucleus caused depression of the peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) and the leukocyte number. In the sham operated group mere insertion of electrodes into the MS evoked transient NKCC enhancement, probably resulting from mechanical MS stimulation. To check this effect in the present study, we evaluated both spleen and blood NKCC (51Cr-release assay) and large granular lymphocytes (LGL) number (a morphological method) after chronic electrical stimulation (constant current 0.1 ms duration cathodal pulses delivered at a frequency of 50 Hz during 30-min daily session for 14 consecutive days) of MS in conscious, freely moving rats (n=12). Additionally, peripheral blood leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophile number was mesaured. Chronic MS stimulation caused signifi cant blood NKCC augmentation and LGL number (25.86 ± 9.31% vs. 15.75 ± 4.75%, P<0.01) in comparison to the sham group (n=13). No signifi cant effect was found in the spleen (27.14 ± 9.99% vs. 28.58 ± 8.04%). A week after termination of the stimulation procedure all measured parameters returned to the baseline. The results obtained indicate that such limbic structure as medial septum enhances antitumor and antiviral function and number of NK cells.
11

Stimulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial septal nucleus influences natural killer cell cytotoxicity of rats differing in responsiveness to novelty

64%
Myslinska D., Plucinska K., Glac W., Grembecka B., Listowska M., Podlacha M., Ptaszek K., Wrona D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2013
|
tom 73
|
nr Suppl.1
In our previous study we found that electrolytic lesion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) as well as the medial septal nucleus (MS) caused depression of the peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) in rats. In the present study we evaluated blood NKCC after 14 day electrical stimulation of the BST and the MS in conscious, freely behaving rats differing in responsiveness to novelty. Male Wistar rats divided into high (HR) and low (LR) responders to novelty, implanted with stimulating electrodes at the BST or at the MS, were subjected to 14 day electrical stimulation (constant current 0.1 ms duration cathodal pulses delivered at a frequency of 50 Hz during 30 min) of the BST and the MS. The chronic stimulation of the BST and the MS caused augmentation of blood NKCC in comparison to the sham operated group and to the baseline, which was more significant in HRs. A week after termination of the stimulation procedure NKCC returned to the baseline. The obtained results suggest that immunoenhancing effect on blood NK cell function is dependent on the behavioral outcome (intensive locomotor reaction) of the BST and the MS stimulation as well as on individual behavioral characteristics. This work was supported by a research grant NN303819040.
12

Functional reorganization of the mesolimbic system after its terminal area destruction influences blood leukocytes and their subsets

64%
Plucinska K., Grembecka B., Myslinska D., Listowska M., Glac W., Jerzemowska G., Badtke P., Wrona D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2013
|
tom 73
|
nr Suppl.1
Contralateral nucleus accumbens shell (AcbS) lesions (Contra group) impaired (by about 20%) and ipsilateral AcbS lesions (Ipsi group) facilitated (by about 30%) motivational aspects of ventral tegmental area (VTA) stimulation-induced feeding or exploration which manifested as respective alterations in latency to reaction. Present work was aimed to examine how this motivational reorganization of AcbSVTA circuitry affect on blood leukocytes and their subsets (morphological method). As compared to the respective sham animals, the chronic VTA stimulation and unilateral lesion of the AcbS caused a significant decrease in total leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers in Ipsi and Contra groups. Both groups showed also significant decreases in total leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers on the 2nd day after unilateral lesion of the AcbS. On the 14th VTA stimulation day following unilateral lesion of the AcbS total leukocyte and a large granular lymphocyte (LGL) number was higher in Ipsi group in relation to Contra group and in comparison with the respective sham group. Increased motivational drive associated with facilitation reactivity of the ipsilateral VTA to lesioning AcbS enhance total leukocyte number, especially LGL cells that are critical to the innate immune system.
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