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The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of progesterone receptors in hippocampal neurons of male rabbits and the distribution of these receptors in different areas of the hippocampus. The examinations were carried out on brains of five males, New Zealand breed, age of 2 years, weighing 2-3 kg. Immunohistochemical detection of receptors was performed using DAKO LSAB + Kit Peroxidase method. The sections were incubated with priman monoclonal antibody for progesterone receptor NCL-L- PGR-AB. The obtained results have shown the presence of progesterone receptors in neurons of CAI, CA3, and CA4 regions of the hippocampus. The reaction also occurred in the region of granular cells of the dental gyrus. The reaction was seen in the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons simultaneously, whereas some neurons did not show any reaction in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Occurrence of progesterone receptors in most neurons of the hippocampus confirms a direct influence of progesterone on the hippocampus and its functions in rabbit males.
The aim of the study was to determine the localization of estrogen receptors α in the parahippocampal gyrus (gyrus parahippocampalis) following 17β application in ovariectomized rabbits. Studies were carried out using an immunocytochemical method. Estrogen receptors a immunoreactivity in neurons and astrocytes were detected in the cellular layers of parasubiculum, perisubiculum and entorhinalis region. However ERα immunoreactivity was not detected in astrocytes ovariectomized rabbits in the experimental group where there was no E2 application. On the other hand, the neurons showed very weak colorization. The results obtained indicate that the structure of rabbit parahippocampal gyrus is under the influence of estrogen, which causes an increase in ERα expression.
The aim of this study was to describe the structures and topography of the nuclei of the amygdaloid complex in chinchillas. The material for the study consisted of five chinchilla brains. The brains were fixed in formalin, dehydrated in ethyl alcohol and embedded in paraffin blocks. Next, the blocks were cut in the transversal plane into 12 µm-thick slices. The slices were coloured according to Klüver and Barrer's method and examined under a light microscope (OLYMPUS BX 40) equipped with the camera Color View IIIu Soft Imaging System. For the morphometric measurements, the program Cell^D Soft Imaging System (SIS) was used. One can distinguish three parts of the amygdala: corticomedial amygdaloid complex (CMC), basolateral complex (BLC) and other amygdaloid areas.( OA). The BLC is divided into three nuclei: lateral amygdaloid nucleus (LA), basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BL) and basomedial amygdaloid nucleus (BM). The chinchilla's lateral amygdale (LA) is well developed and situated above the BL; laterally, it is bordered by the external capsule; the caudal pole of this nucleus constitutes at the same time the caudal pole of the amygdaloid complex. The basolateral amygdaloid nucleus in chinchillas is situated between the LA and BM. The basomedial amygdaloid nucleus is located ventromedially to the BM and dorsally to the cortical nucleus (CO). The corticomedial amygdaloid complex consists of the following: cortical nucleus (CO), medial nucleus (Me), central nucleus (CE), amygdalohippocampal area (AHA), the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) and bed nucleus of the olfactory tract (BOAT). The nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in chinchillas begins at the rostral part of the amygdala. It is bordered medially and dorsally by the anterior amygdaloid area (AAA) and laterally by the anterior part of the cortical nucleus. The chinchilla's bed nucleus of the olfactory tract is situated behind the NLOT. Dorsally, it borders on the ME, laterally on the CO. The central nucleus constitutes the dorsomedial part of the amygdala. The amygdalohippocampal area in chinchillas is located in the caudal part of the amygdala between the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle and CO. The chinchilla's cortical nucleus is a long band of neurons which constitutes the ventral part of the amygdala. The other amygdaloid areas include the anterior amygdaloid area (AAA) and intercalated nucleus (I) The intercalated nucleus consists of the group of neurons between the amygdala nuclei. The AAA constitutes the anterior pole of the chinchilla's amygdala.
The aim of the study was to trace the ERα immunoreactivity in the hippocampal astrocytes of ovariectomized rabbits with and without the application of 17β-estradiol. The study comprised sexually mature female rabbits that had undergone ovariectomy. The animals were divided into two experimental groups. Group I comprised of the ovariectomized rabbits and group II . the ovariectomized animals treated with 17β -estradiol. The immunocytochemical reaction was conducted with the application of two antibodies against estrogen receptors a. In the ovariectomized rabbits which did not receive 17β -estradiol the astrocytes were characterized by ERα immunoreactivity. Similarly in group II expression of ERα was found in the hippocampus astrocytes following the application of 17β -estradiol. In astrocytes, these receptors are located in the cell body and initial processes and rarely in cell nuclei. The results suggest that astrocytes are the target cells for estrogens, changing their function and modulating hippocampal neuron activity.
The aim of the study was to compare the immunoreactivity and distribution of two kinds of oestrogen receptors within the nerve tissue of the posterior part of the piriform cortex, as well as their localisation within nerve cells. The studied material consisted of 12 brains of sexually mature rabbit males weighing 3-4 kg. In order to prove the presence of α and ß receptors, Er-α and Er-ß antibodies were used. The examinations showed the presence of Er-α and E-rß receptors in all layers of the piriform cortex, however, mainly in the IInd and IIIrn layer. The reaction occurred in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons. The obtained results can imply the influence of oestrogen on the functions of the examined brain area in rabbits, which in human is responsible for perception and categorisation of odour.
The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of a (Erα) and ß (Erß) oestrogen receptors in rabbit male's claustrum, and thus to examine whether oestrogens may influence nerve cells' functions of this structure, llie material for the study was obtained from the brains of seven rabbits. To detect the presence of Erα and Erß, specific monoclonal antibodies were used. T"he expression of Erα and Erß was demonstrated in proper claustrum, as well as in the nucleus endopiriformis. For Erß, the reaction occurred mainly in the cell nucleus, whereas Erα was localised predominantly in the neuron cytoplasm. For both Erα and Erß, the nuclear and cytoplasmic localisation was observed in a small percentage of the examined cells. The obtained results may indicate oestrogen influence on the brain area and also suggest a further research on oestrogen-dependent pathways in males, which still remain greatly unexplored.
The aim of the study was to use an electron microscope to determine when the appropriate structures of mature nerve and glial cells in bovine hippocampus gyrus dentate start to appear during fetal life and how this development occurs in different age groups. Samples for examination under electron microscopes were taken from fetal brains at 16, 18, 20, 23 and 29 weeks of life. The ultrastructure development during the different periods of development was described and the outcome produced as electronograms. The results of the study indicate that the ultrastructural development of neurons and glial cells of the studied regions ends in the last trimester of pregnancy.
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