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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Health-promoting properties of selected milk components

100%
Micinski J., Zwierzchowski G., Kowalski I. M., Szarek J.
Journal of Elementology
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2013
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tom 18
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nr 1
The human diet should be a rich source of nutrients, energy and tissue-building materials. Bovine milk is one of the few food products of animal origin that meet the above requirements. It contains proteins rich in readily available amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, micronutrients and macronutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, iodine, potassium, chlorine and small quantities of iron. This study discusses the positive effects of bovine milk on human health, resulting from its composition and high nutritive value. We have reviewed numerous publications and reports indicating that milk contains readily available amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids which are vital components of the human diet, as well as macronutrients and micronutrients that regulate biochemical processes in the body. Particular attention has been paid to the anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of milk, which is also known to lower blood pressure and strengthen the immune system. The health benefits delivered by selected minerals contained in milk are also described. Calcium content largely determines the nutritional value and heat stability of milk, as well as its suitability for cheese production. Milk calcium is easily absorbed, and it is characterized by a high level of physiological activity due to a favorable calcium to phosphorus ratio of 1.2:1. Milk contains 0.75 g-1.10 g dm–3 of phosphorus, and phosphorus concentrations are generally stable and independent of the nutritional regime of cows. The magnesium content of milk is determined in the range of 100 to 150 mg dm–3. In milk, magnesium is found in the form of soluble compounds (75% of total Mg) as well as colloidal compounds (phosphates, citrates). Magnesium concentrations are correlated with the calcium content of milk. The magnesium to calcium ratio determine milk’s heat stability. Milk contains 1.35 to 1.55 g dm–3 of fully ionized potassium. The sodium content of milk is determined at 350-600 mg dm–3, and chlorine levels are noted in the range of 0.80-1.40 g dm–3. Sodium chloride stabilizes the osmotic pressure of milk (including lactose). Milk contains trace quantities of iron (0.42 to 0.45 mg kg–1).
2

Relationships between sire effect, milk production in young cows and their productive longevity

88%
Konsowicz K., Pogorzelska J., Micinski J., Sobotka W., Zwierzchowski G.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2013
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tom 69
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nr 10
The objective of this study was to determine relationships between sire effect, milk production in young cows, their performance in subsequent lactations, fertility, conformation and productive longevity. A total of 1724 cows that first calved between 2003 and 2005 were analyzed during 4475 lactations. The cows were kept in 10 barns located in the Provinces of Pomerania and West Pomerania, Poland. The analysis covered 1085 daughters of 145 local Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) sires and 639 daughters of 128 imported Holstein-Friesian (HF) sires, including 437 cows culled after the first lactation, 445 cows culled after the second lactation and 140 long-lived cows. Research has shown that among first-calf heifers and the second lactation cows more than 55% of daughters of imported bulls and about 48.75% of daughters of domestic bulls were culled. Essentially higher results of sort ratings concerning the overall appearance, body conformation, udder quality and frame size, efficiency of milk and its components were acquired after the imported bulls. High milk production levels, exceeding 8000 kg of milk in the first and second lactation, had an adverse effect on the productive life of cows. A correlation between milk production of milk cows and their productive longevity was proved as evidenced by the fact that cows which were used for at least five lactations produced less milk and its components as the first-calf heifers than cows which were scrapped later.
3
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The effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the proliferative response of blood lymphocytes and the phagocytic activity of blood monocytes and granulocytes in calves

88%
Wojcik R., Malaczewska J., Siwicki A. K., Micinski J., Zwierzchowski G.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2013
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tom 16
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nr 3
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HMB on selected indicators of immunity in calves. The experiment was performed on 14 calves aged 30±2 days, divided into two equal groups of control (group I) and experimental (group II) animals. The feed administered to experimental group calves was supplemented with HMB at 40 mg/kg BW, whereas control calves were administered standard farm-made feed without supplementation. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein immediately before the experiment (day 0) and on experimental days 15, 30 and 60 to determine the following parameters of immunity: proliferative response of LPS- and ConA-stimulated lymphocytes (MTT), respiratory burst activity (RBA) and potential killing activity (PKA) of phagocytes. The results revealed a significant increase in RBA and MTT values in calves administered HMB in comparison with the control group throughout the experiment. In the group of animals receiving HMB, an increase in PKA values was noted only on day 30.
4

Monitoring study of pesticide residues in cereals and foodstuff from Poland

88%
Lozowicka B., Micinski J., Zwierzchowski G., Kowalski I. M., Szarek J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2012
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tom 21
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nr 6
The aim of our study was to investigate the amount of 110 pesticide residues in cereals and foodstuff from Poland as a part of official control. A total of 89 samples were collected in 2009-10. In 84.2% of the samples no residues were found: 15.8% of samples contained pesticide residues below the maximum residue limit. Pirimiphos-methyl was the most frequently found pesticide. The results show that occurrence of pesticide residues in cereals and feeding stuff could not be considered serious threats to human and animal health. Nevertheless, an investigation into continuous monitoring and tighter regulation of pesticide residues in food and feed is recommended.
5
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Health-supporting properties of beef

88%
Micinski J., Zwierzchowski G., Kowalski I. M., Wojtkiewicz J., Szarek J.
Journal of Elementology
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2012
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tom 17
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nr 1
Contemporary human diet contains excessive quantities of n-6 saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but it is deficient in n-3 fatty acids. This imbalance could be the cause of respiratory diseases, obesity and cancer. until recently, animal fat, including meat fat, was regarded solely as a source of saturated fatty acids, which are a risk factor for atherosclerosis, obesity and certain types of cancer. Recent studies have shown, however, that animal fats contain biologically active substances beneficial for health, and that only some saturated fatty acids have adverse consequences. The latter group includes lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14) and palmitic acid (C16), i.e. mainly the ones with an unfavorable n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio. Apart from fat, beef also contains high amounts of minerals, mainly phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), in particular its cis-9 trans-11 and trans-9 cis-11 isomers, is one of the substances with health-supporting properties. Synthesized solely in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, CLA reaches the blood stream and is used by the mammary gland to synthesize milk fat. CLA is embedded in the animal's adipose tissue. There is a large body of research confirming CLA's ability to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and obesity, and to lower cholesterol levels. when incorporated into the human diet in the amount of 1.5 to 3.5 g, CLA exerts anticarcinogenic effects (it inhibits the development ofbreast cancer, malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer and lung cancer). CLA prevents and alleviates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes; it is a powerful antioxidant and it boosts immunity. The highest quantities of CLA have been noted in the meat of ruminants. The CLA content of ruminant meat has been determined in the range of 10 to 33 mg 100 g- 1 of fat, being much higher than in pork (2-19 mg) and poultry (3.4 mg). Beef also has the most desirable n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio at 6.3:1 in comparison with pork (12.7:1) and poultry (8.3:1). The highest levels of n-3 fatty acids can also be found in beef (5-6 g in 100 g fat). The objective of this study was to present and discuss the most recent findings concerning the fatty acid content of beef and its implications for human health. Source data were gathered and grouped thematically, and an attempt was made to characterize beef and its fatty acid profile.
6
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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The effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on selected parameters of humoral immunity in calves

88%
Wojcik R., Malaczewska J., Siwicki A. K., Micinski J., Zwierzchowski G.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2014
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tom 17
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nr 2
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HMB on selected parameters of the humoral immunity in calves. The experiment was performed on 14 calves aged 30 ± 2 days, divided into two equal groups of control (group K) and experimental (group H) animals. The feed administered to the experimental calves was supplemented with HMB at 40 mg/kg BW, whereas the control calves were administered standard farm-made feed without supplementation. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein immediately before the experiment (day 0) and on experimental days 15, 30 and 60 to determine the following immunological parameters: total protein levels, gammaglobulin levels, lysozyme activity and ceruloplasmin activity. An analysis of the results obtained revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001 respectively) in gammaglobulin levels and lysozyme activity throughout the entire experimental period, an increase (p < 0.05; p < 0.01 respectively) in ceruloplasmin activity on experimental days 15 and 30, but no changes in serum total protein levels of calves administered HMB as compared to those found in the control group.
7
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Influence of a diet containing beta-carotene and omega-3 fatty acids on the biochemical and nonspecific humoral immunity indicators and on the results of experimental calf rearing

64%
Zwierzchowski G., Micinski J., Pogorzelska J., Siwicki A., Wojcik R., Kobzhassarov T. Z., Bermagambetova N., Shaikamal G. I., Fijalkowska M.
Journal of Elementology
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2016
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tom 21
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nr 1
The aim of this study has been to determine the effect of a diet containing β-carotene and omega-3 fatty acids on the biochemical and nonspecific humoral immunity indicators and on the results of rearing calves to day 60 of life. The study was conducted in 2011-2012, on a herd of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. 54 calves from the herd were divided into 3 groups, 18 animals in each: CTR, TRT1 and TRT2. During the colostral period lasting for 5 days after birth, calves were drinking the mother’s colostrum. From 6 to 60 days, calves were watered milk replacer formulation. The control group (CTR) consisted of calves after the colostral period given milk replacer formulation without any supplementation. In the two other groups, calves received milk replacers with the supplementation of b-carotene (TRT1 group) in the amount of 25 mg/calf/day or a suspension of liver omega-3 oil (TRT2 group) in the amount of 5g/calf/day. All calves received solid feed ad libitum. The research showed that the parameters of the metabolic profile of calves (ALT, ASP, CHOL, GLU, UREA, ALP, TG, CRE) were within the normal range, indicating good health of the calves. Moreover, the supplementation had a positive impact on the chosen immunological parameters, including a higher IgG concentration, especially at the end of the milk drinking period. The result of B-carotene in a diet was the highest daily gain in the period from 30 to 60 days of life among the analysed groups of calves. No such effect was achieved in the TRT2 group of calves, as their body weight was the lowest. However, noteworthy is the beneficial impact of beta-carotene and omega-3 oil on the non-specific humoral immunity parameters, which was manifested by fewer cases of clinical diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract diseases.
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