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Presently acquired results are the outcome of, as for today, pilot-scale, preliminary study, although they were based on a tick (Ixodes ricinus) population of 533 individuals, collected from the vicinity of Szczecin. The areas sampled have been considered as recreational, which means they are frequented by a large number of people. The ticks were collected in 1996 in two seasons: spring-summer and summer-autumn. The overall prevalence of the spirochetes B. burgdorferi sensu lato, in the tick population studied, was 12.6%, while that of the spring-summer season reached 25.5%, decreasing in the summer-autumn season down to 2.3%.
The aim of the study was to estimate the occurrence (the quantative and rate percent) of Ixodes ricinus in the popular recreation areas in Szczecin (Arkonka, Osów, Głębokie, Landscape Park of Szczecin, Dąbie Forest Park, Zdroje Forest Park) and in province of Szczecin (Forest of Goleniów, Ińsko, Pobierowo, Chojna). Investigations were performed in 1998 year, twice on each places; in May/June and repeted in September/October. The temperature and humidity of air were measured. Obtained specimens were regard of sex and growing stage during each collection. A total of 2.055 specimens collected 49% were nymphs, 13.9% female, 11.3% male and 25.8% larvaes. The nymphs the most frequently were in spring when humidity of air was 55% and temperature 24°C. The larvaes, in autumn were most frequently (31.4%) then in spring (20.5%) when the temperature of the air was 18-22°C, and the humidity from 60 to 85% during the collections.
The occurrence of Ixodes ricinus in the selected recreative areas in the province of Szczecin. Part III. Within the last years, the incidences of diseascs transmitted by Ixodes ricinus tick have rapidly increased. We estimated the occurrence of Ixodes ricinus in the popuJlr recreation urban areas in Szczecin and in the Province of Szczecin. The study was carried out in 1999, with two samples at each site, and were compared with data of 1998. The temperature and humidity of air were measured. The most ticks were found in the range of 70-80% relative humidity of air. Among 3.198 specimens collected 59.5% were nymphs, 19.0% larvae, 11.1 % females and 10.4% males. The nymphs were the most frequent in spring and in autumn, while the larvae were most frequent in autumn (26.2%) then in spring (11.9%).
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. I.), the etiological agent of Lyme diesease, is transmitted by the bite of Ixodes ricinus. During May and September 1999, field surveys on Lyme disease spirochetes were conducted in three locations of a region of north-west Poland, known as recreational districts visited by many people. The ticks Ixodes ricinus were collected in natural habitats by dragging a flanel cloth over the vegetation. Sex and developmental stage of each tick were determined. Based on a polymerase chain reaction test with primers that recognize a chromosomal gene of all strains, out of the total 1414 specimens collected, 126 (8.9%) were found to be infected. the species B. burgdorferi s. 1. comprises at least three pathogenic genomospecies, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s. s.), Borrelia garinii, and Borerelia afzelii, witch could be distinguished in nested-PCR tests with species-specific primers. B. burgdorferi s. s. was most prevalent (96% of infected ticks), followed by B. garinii (1.3%), and B. afzelii. was not found. Of the infected ticks, over the 99% were infected with a single species; one specimens was infected with two species. For 4 ticks, the infecting species could not be identied. The difference in rates of prevalence was observed among the tree locations (17%-5.3%-3.2%).
Among Polish ticks species the most common Ixodes ricinus has the biggest medical importance. Within the last few years, the incidence of disease transmitted by ticks has rapidly increased. We have made a thorough analysis of the quantative and rate per cent of occurrence of various stages Ixodes ricinus in the forest areas of some places in Szczecin province and in the parks of Szczecin, that are known as highly recreative and frequently visted by meny people. A total of 426 (68% numphs) specimens collected there show that ticks frequently occupy habitats closely associated with man.
Occurrence of borreliosis in human population is associated with possibility of contact with the biological vector of this disease - a common European tick, Ixodes ricinus. Therefore, the highest number of cases of Lyme disease has been recorded among forestry workers and inhabitants of wooded areas. Diagnostics of borreliosis is based on immunoserologic tests - ELISA or indirect immunofluorescence method, Western blot technique, or on increasingly popular DNA examination using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the present study, where 61% of the forestry workers were seropositive, we also tried to find a correlation between the results of serological tests and PCR tests with the clinical state of the patients. Despite finding IgM antibodies in 10 persons tested, which would indicate their recent infection, no DNA of B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in their blood. Also, no DNA of this bacteria was present in 8 persons with IgM and IgG antibodies. No genetic material of the bacteria was found in persons with IgG antibodies, indicating the possibility of chronic infection. The clinical data suggested past symptomatic infection (ECM), or even more often, asymptomatic infection with B. burgdorferi.
The aim of the study was to establish the role of forest birds as reservoirs of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. in Wielkopolski National Park. A total of 108 birds from 9 species were collected between May–September 2002. Blood samples were taken from 84 specimens and 442 individuals of the common tick, Ixodes ricinus, were collected from the birds. The 73 additional ticks were collected from vegetation. PCR amplification of a fragment of the epank 1 gene and 18S rRNA gene was used for detection of A. phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. DNA, respectively. Pathogen DNA was not detected in any of the blood samples or ticks collected from birds. On the other hand, 3 ticks collected from vegetation (4.1% of all examined specimens) were positive for A. phagocytophilum DNA. In spite of the high level of infestation of birds by I. ricinus, it is clear that they do not constitute a competent reservoir of A. phagocytophilum and Babesia in WNP. Additionally, I. ricinus is not a significant vector in this area.
The aim of the paper was an attempt to correlate clinical signs with the presence of DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) s.l. and the antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. in the blood of dogs. Among the animals studied there were 62 dogs delivered to the Veterinary Clinic in Szczecin and 30 from the Municipal Animal Shelter in Szczecin with varied clinical signs of borreliosis. In all cases the owners admitted frequent contacts of their dogs with ticks, both in the past, as well as shortly before the onset of sickness. We used two methods: PCR for detecting DNA of B. burgdorferi s.l. and ELISA test for detecting antibodies against the spirochete. Lameness, the principal symptom of canine borreliosis was the most frequent symptom of the group of 31 PCR-positive animals. The other most common symptoms in PCR-positive dogs were fever, swelling of joints and loss of body weight. DNA of B. burgdorferi s.l. was most frequently detected in the blood of dogs of the group 2-5 years old (13/54.1%). ELISA tests specific for IgG antibodies were positive in 37 of 92 sera (40.2%) taken from examined dogs. Lameness was observed in 15 of 37 IgG-seropositive dogs and in 25 of 55 seronegative animals. In 54% of dogs with the antibodies, swelling of instep- and wrist joints was observed compared to only 24.4% in seronegative dogs. An attempt to correlate the PCR results with the results of tests detecting antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. revealed that fewer than half (45.1%) of the dogs with presence of DNA of the spirochete, developed an immune response. Therefore the transfer of B. burgdorferi s.l. form, the primary lesion to the target tissues, is possible in dogs which did not develop immune response or develop an insufficient response. Among 92 borreliosis-suspected dogs 54 (over 58%) were diagnosed positively using laboratory methods. In most cases there was a correlation between clinical symptoms of borreliosis and presence of DNA B. burgdorferi, thus PCR may contribute to improving to a large extent diagnostic of canine Lyme disease.
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