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1

Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

100%

Liu B., Jiang Z.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 2

From August 1998 to August 2001, 119 wolf scats were collected from the desert in a pastoral region in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The study area is the last habitat for the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii. Wolf prédation was hypothesized as a cause of the endangerment of the Przewalski's gazelle. The diet of wolf during the plant green period (June-September) and the plant withering period (October-May) were determined using three scat-analysis methods: frequency of occurrence, mass in scats and the ingested biomass obtained with the linear regression models of Weaver (1993). Limited to mąmmalian prey, total agreement was found between thedry weight and biomass methods, but less so between the frequency of occurrence data and other methods. Hare, yak, and small rodents were the important prey species of the wolves during the plant green period, each accounting for 33, 27, and 20%. Yak, sheep and hare were the important prey species during the plant withering period, each accounting for 53, 25, and 17%. Other food types were badger, Przewalski's gazelle, birds, reptiles, invertebrates and plants. The presence of the livestock remains in the wolf's scats may imply scavenging behavior by the wolves, because few cases of missing livestock were reported during the study. No notable seasonal difference in the diet composition of the wolves was found. The food niche of wolf during the plant green period (0.55 ± 0.02) was similar to that during the plant withering period (0.50 ± 0.02).

2

Digestive responses of wapiti Cervus elaphus canadensis to seasonal forages

100%

Jiang Z., Hudson R. J.

Acta Theriologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 4

We tested the hypothesis that seasonal differences in passage rate and digestibility of native forage in wapiti Cervus elaphus canadensis Erxleben, 1777 were due to seasonal appetence and digestive adaptation as well as plant phenology and composition. To this end, we compared digestive characteristics of seasonal pasture with those of a standard alfalfa-barley pellet fed to wapiti hinds throughout the year. No evidence of seasonal effects independent of forage quality was found. Although dry matter intakes differed 2-3 fold, the digestibility of the standard pelleted diet was not signficantly different in winter (0.68 ± 0.02), spring (0,74 ± 0.01) and summer (0.71 ± 0.01). However, digestibilities of natural forages increased greatly from winter (0.51 ± 0.01), to spring (0.77 ± 0.02), with a gentle decline into autumn (0.65 ± 0.02). Because retention times of pelleted diets were not significantly different among seasons (winter 28 + 1 h, spring 24 ± 2 h, summer 22 ± 1 h), digestive kinetics also seemed to be mainly a function of seasonal composition of native forage rather than specific seasonal adaptation. The mean retention time of winter herbage (41 ± 2 h) was significantly longer than that of spring (28 + 3 h) and summer (25 ± 2 h) forages. Pasture forages were retained longer (51 ± lh) than pellets in winter but not in spring (28 ± 1 h) and summer (27 ± 1 h). Fecal moisture was a good indicator of digesta retention time despite forage type and may provide a simple index of digestive function for field studies.

3

MicroRNA expression profiling in alveolar macrophages of indigenous Chinese Tongcheng pigs infected with PRRSV in vivo

81%

Zhou X., Michal J. J., Jiang Z., Liu B.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2017

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tom 58

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nr 4

4

Summer diet of two sympatric species of raptors Upland Buzzard [Buteo hemilasius] and Eurasian Eagle Owl [Bubo bubo] in Alpine meadow: problem of coexistence

81%

Cui Q., Su J., Jiang Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1

Summer diets of two sympatric raptors Upland Buzzards (Buteo hemilasius Temminck et Schlegel) and Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo L. subsp. Hemachalana Hume) were studied in an alpine meadow (3250 m a.s.l.) on Qinghai- Tibet Plateau, China. Root voles Microtus oeconomus Pallas, plateau pikas Ochotona curzoniae Hodgson, Gansu pikas O. cansus Lyon and plateau zokors Myospalax baileyi Thomas were the main diet components of Upland Buzzards as identified through the pellets analysis with the frequency of 57, 20, 19 and 4%, respectively. The four rodent species also were the main diet components of Eurasian Eagle Owls basing on the pellets and prey leftovers analysis with the frequency of 53, 26, 13 and 5%, respectively. The food niche breadth indexes of Upland Buzzards and Eurasian Eagle Owls were 1.60 and 1.77 respectively (higher value of the index means the food niche of the raptor is broader), and the diet overlap index of the two raptors was larger (Cue = 0.90) (the index range from 0 – no overlap – to 1 – complete overlap). It means that the diets of Upland Buzzards and Eurasian Eagle Owls were similar (Two Related Samples Test, Z = –0.752, P = 0.452). The classical resource partitioning theory can not explain the coexistence of Upland Buzzards and Eurasian Eagle Owls in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, differences in body size, predation mode and activity rhythm between Upland Buzzards and Eurasian Eagle Owls may explain the coexistence of these two sympatric raptors.

5

Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in the lower yangtze river and surface waters of three Chinese provinces

71%

Han F., Chen J., Jiang Z., Chen L., Ji W.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 3

Water samples were collected from the drinking water source of 21 urban areas from the lower Yangtze River at Jiangsu province and various surface drinking water sources of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shandong provinces of China. They were tested for 25 VOCs and 38 SVOCs using purge and trap (P&T) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show there were 19 VOCs and 10 SVOCs detected several times in at least one drinking water source. One hundred and twenty-six samples from 21 sampling sites were found to have organic compound pollutants in the range of less than MDL to 27.79 μg/L, including volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons, BTEX, chlorinated benzenes, phenols, nitrobenzene, phthalate esters, pesticides, et al. – in total 21 types of organic compounds considered to be priority water pollutants by the Chinese Department of Water Resources. However, the concentrations of VOCs and SVOCs in samples from the lower Yangtze River were markedly different from those in surface drinking water sources in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shandong provinces. PAEs were detected in all water samples, but PCP and Rogor were only detected in samples from the lower Yangtze River. It should be noted that the majority of water samples with detected atrazine were from Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. The main SVOCs detected in the Yangtze River included PCP, Rogor, nitrobenzene, and PAEs. More pollutants were detected in the surface waters of Jiangsu than those of Zhejiang and Shandong. Among the surface water sources in Zhejiang, there were more species of VOCs and SVOCs in the Shanhusha Reservoir than the other reservoirs, which may have resulted from pollutants in Qiantang River water. Though the types and levels of water pollutants varied from one region to another in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shandong provinces, our report added new evidence that the Yangtze River and other urban surface water sources have been universally polluted, and we recommend that all potential sources should be traced and mediated. In addition, because these persistent pollutants may be a health risk if transferred to drinking water, drinking water quality must be controlled specifically for certain VOC's and installation of a monitoring program/quality control for drinking water resources is needed.

6

Can China achieve its CO2 emission mitigation target in 2030: a system dynamics perspective

71%

Zhang L., Jiang Z., Liu R., Tang M., Wu F.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2018

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tom 27

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nr 6

To predict the feasibility of whether China can achieve an up to 65% of carbon emissions intensity (CEI) reduction goal from 2005 levels by 2030, we performed dynamic simulations and predictions of China’s CO₂ emissions at the national scale from a system dynamics perspective. More specifically, we developed a system dynamics model based on LMDI analysis to simulate and estimate CO₂ emissions under 10 different scenarios in China during 1991-2030. The result shows that China’s CEI will decrease by 67.86-84.63% in 2030 compared to the 2005 level, which means that China will be able to meet the emission reduction goal by 2030, and China’s CO₂ emissions will peak sometime between 2020 and 2025. In addition, the quantitative evidence suggests that transforming the energy structure will make a significant contribution to CO₂ emissions reduction. As the proportion of renewables increases, CO₂ emissions decrease in terms of both scale and peak value and peaks earlier. So, the findings also indicate that the optimization for energy structure by replacing fossil fuels (especially coal) with renewables at a suitable growth rate can promote the coordination between economic growth and CO₂ emissions mitigation.

7

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Mixed leaf litter decomposition and N, P release with a focus on Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houz. forest in subtropical southeastern China

71%

Shi L., Fan S., Jiang Z., Qi L., Liu G.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2015

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tom 84

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nr 2

As an important non-wood forest product and wood substitute, Moso bamboo grows extremely rapidly and hence acquires large quantities of nutrients from the soil. With regard to litter decomposition, N and P release in Moso bamboo forests is undoubtedly important; however, to date, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted. Here, we chose two dominant species (i.e., Cunninghamia lanceolata and Phoebe bournei), in addition to Moso bamboo, which are widely distributed in subtropical southeastern China, and created five leaf litter mixtures (PE100, PE80PB20, PE80CL20, PE50PB50 and PE50CL50) to investigate species effects on leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release (N and P) via the litterbag method. Over a one-year incubation experiment, mass loss varied significantly with litter type (P < 0.05). The litter mixtures containing the higher proportions (>80%) of Moso bamboo decomposed faster; the remaining litter compositions followed Olson's decay mode well (R2 > 0.94, P < 0.001). N and P had different patterns of release; overall, N showed great temporal variation, while P was released from the litter continually. The mixture of Moso bamboo and Phoebe bournei (PE80PB20 and PE50PB50) showed significantly faster P release compared to the other three types, but there was no significant difference in N release. Litter decomposition and P release were related to initial litter C/N ratio, C/P ratio, and/or C content, while no significant relationship between N release and initial stoichiometric ratios was found. The Moso bamboo-Phoebe bournei (i.e., bamboo-broadleaved) mixture appeared to be the best choice for nutrient return and thus productivity and maintenance of Moso bamboo in this region.

8

Research on hydrodynamic properties of annular cavitator with water injection

71%

Jiang Z., Xiang M., Lin M., Zhang W., Zhang S.

Polish Maritime Research

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2012

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tom 19

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nr 4

Annular cavitator with water injection is one of the key parts of the long-range supercavitating vehicle powered by water ramjet. In this paper, hydrodynamic properties of annular cavitator are studied numerically. The standard k ~ ε turbulence model is coupled with the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations to model the natural supercavitation process. The multiphase flow is considered as a mixture of varying density and modeled by the mass exchange equations. To fully understand this process, numerical simulations were performed for different annular cavitators. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results, including the pressure distribution and forces acting on the cavitator surface, mass flow and pressure loss of water injection, various supercavity sizes, were obtained and analyzed. The pressure distribution on the cavitator surface was significantly changed which resulted in 4 ~ 6% increase of the total drag of the vehicle. The results show that the mass flow and velocity of the injection water is mainly dependent on the tube size, while the total pressure loss of the water injection is mostly related to the outlet pressure. Supercavity generated by annular cavitator is smaller than that of the discal one. Based on the correlation analysis of the supercavity size and other factors, it could be concluded that the contraction of the cavity size is mainly caused by the diffluent mass flow of the water injection

9

Integrated environmental performance assessment of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking

61%

Jiang Z., Zhang H., Yan W., Zhou M., Li G., Huang G.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2012

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tom 21

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nr 5

Steel enterprises, as one type of major industrial pollution source, have been facing great environmental pressure. Integrating environmental considerations into the steelmaking process is now one of the major priorities of the steel industry. A method for evaluating environmental performance is presented in this paper. The proposed method considers the procedure for environmental performance comparison of design alternatives as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. An integrated environmental index for the steel- making process is proposed and qualified, utilizing the Chinese Standard (emission standard of waste pollutants for iron and steel industry). The pair-wise comparison approach of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is employed for solving the MCDM problem. A case study is used to illustrate how the assessment method may be applied and to demonstrate its applicability.

10

Molecular characterization of the porcine S100A6 gene and analysis of its expression in pigs infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV)

61%

Zhou X., Wang P., Michal J. J., Wang Y., Zhao J., Jiang Z., Liu B.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2015

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tom 56

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nr 3

11

Summer distribution patterns of Trichodesmium spp. in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf

61%

Jiang Z., Chen J., Zhou F., Zhai H., Zhang D., Yan X.

Oceanologia

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2017

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tom 59

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nr 3

To examine the distribution of Trichodesmium relative to physicochemical factors during summer in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf, three cruises were conducted separately in June 2009, July 2011, and August 2009. Trichodesmium species found were T. thiebautii, T. erythraeum, and T. hildebrandtii. The population was dominated by T. thiebautii, which accounted for >85% of the samples found. Most of them were free trichomes. Colonial forms were rarely observed (approximately 10% of our samples), occurring only in offshore waters. The depth integrated abundances of Trichodesmium were 308 × 103, 1709 × 103, and 3448 × 103 trichomes m−2 in June, July, and August, respectively. Trichodesmium was distributed abundantly in the southern or southeastern part of our study area, where nutrients were low and light penetration, temperature, and salinity were high, which were influenced by the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) and Kuroshio. Trichodesmium was found in low abundance in inshore, eutrophic, low-salinity waters, which were mainly controlled by the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) and coastal current. These results suggest that spatiotemporal changes in the summer Trichodesmium distribution correlate highly with the variations in physicochemical properties that are primarily controlled by the TWC, Kuroshio, and CDW. The summer N2 fixation rate of Trichodesmium was estimated at 12.3 μmol N m−2 d−1 in our study area, contributing >50% of biological N2 fixation.

12

Salinity variability of soda meadow alkaline soil in different depths of subsurface pipe

51%

Wang Y., Dou S., Wang L., Wu J., Wang T., Wang C., Jiang Z., Ju Z., Wang J., Luo M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2018

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tom 27

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nr 6

The study investigates the impact of subsurface pipes at different depths on physicochemical properties of soda meadow alkaline soil. Field experiments were carried out in 5 treatments: CK (no treatment), CK1 (treatment with comprehensive supplementary measures: subsoiling to 0.6 m and applying farm manure in the amount of 34 m³/hm², then mulching with sandy soil of 500 m³/hm²), and 3 treatments of comprehensive supplementary measures combined with subsurface pipes at different depths (H1 = 0.8 m, H2 = 1.0 m, and H3 = 1.2 m). The results suggest that soil permeability, organic matter content, available nitrogen, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in all treatments were significantly improved except for CK. The application of comprehensive supplementary measures improved soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total salt content (TS), total alkalinity (TA), and sodium adoption rate (SAR). Compared to CK1, treatments of H1, H2, and H3 decreased TS, TA, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Moreover, the treatment with shallow buried pipe (H1 = 0.8m) decreased more in soil pH, EC, and SAR, and promoted more in rice yield than the other treatments. These results suggest that shallow buried subsurface pipe (0.8 m in depth and 5 m in space) has the best amelioration in soda saline-alkali soil region, when the same rice-planting and comprehensive supplementary measures were adopted.

13

Cd subcellular localization in root tips of Hordeum vulgare

51%

Shi Q., Wang J., Zou J., Jiang Z., Wang J., Wu H., Jiang W., Liu D.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2016

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tom 25

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nr 2

The effects of Cd on the subcellular localization in root tip cells of Hordeum vulgare were investigated by Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) in order to further understand Cd toxic mechanisms in plants. EDXA showed that Cd ions were localized in meristem, elongation, and mature zone in the root tips. In transverse section of the mature zone, Cd was accumulated in epidermal, cortical, and vessel cells, and the level of Cd is in the order: epidermal cells < vessel cells < cortical cells. In cortical cells Cd ions were observed in cytoplasm and walls.

14

Allometry and biomass production of Phyllostachys Edulis across the whole lifespan

51%

Gao X., Jiang Z., Guo Q., Zhang Y., Yin H., He F., Qi L., Shi L.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2015

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tom 24

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nr 2

Applying the appropriate allometric equation to accurately estimate biomass is vital for the regional carbon budget. Previous studies have focused on plant biomass at a given time, and few have been conducted on biomass estimates throughout the entire lifespan of a plant. Here we used field data measured from Moso bamboo stands to validate three common allometric equations used for biomass estimates and compared their goodness of fit using Akaike’s information criterion to develop the best allometric model for Moso bamboo. Then the non-stage and staged biomass were respectively estimated using the best-fitted model, and their corresponding coefficients (or scalings) were compared to examine whether the allometric equation developed for non-stage biomass estimates were suitable for staged biomass estimates. As a result, w = aDbHc was fitted well for both total and component biomass estimates of Moso bamboo. Comparisons in allometric coefficients showed that most coefficients for staged biomass estimates exceeded the confidence interval of non-stage allometric coefficients, indicating that the staged coefficients varied as the bamboo developed. This result suggested that using a uniform allometric equation (with the same coefficients) without consideration of the variations with stage might be inadequate to accurately estimate the biomass of Moso bamboo forests throughout the entire lifespan. It can be suggested that differential allometric coefficients by stage should be applied to estimate the biomass of Moso bamboo so as to improve the accuracy of biomass estimates. These findings provide insights into the use of allometry theory for biomass estimates.

15

Evaluating the habitat quality of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using habitat suitability index (HSI)

51%

Jian J., Jiang H., Jiang Z., Zhou G., Yu S., Peng S., Liu S., Liu S., Wang J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 4

Habitat quality for many wildlife populations has a spatial component related to the arrangement of habitat elements across large geographic areas. With remote sensing and GIS technology, this paper presents an approach to calculate Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) for Giant Pandas to evaluate the habitat quality. In this paper, a buffer of a given distance (30 km or more) to the Giant Panda distribution area estimated in three national surveys (1974, 1989 and 2002), which is located in Sichuan, Gansu and Shanxi provinces in western China, was used as the study area. In order to study different species group’s habitat quality, the study area is divided into five parts: the Qinling mountain systems, located in the southeast in Shanxi province, the Minshan mountain systems, located in the south in Gansu province and northwest in Sichuan province, the Qionglai mountain systems, the Xiangling mountain systems and the Liangshan mountain systems, located in the west of Sichuan province, conforming to the five big Giant Panda species groups. Three physical environmental factors (elevation, slope and aspect), one ecological factor (vegetation distribution) and several human-influence factors (distances to highways, general roads, inhabitants and rural areas) are selected as the influence factors to calculate HSI. Each factor was reclassified by grid-cell (30 × 30 m per cell) to the suitability index scale from 0 to 1 based on habitat affinities before final calculation. After analyzing the HSI values on the most Giant Panda distribution area, 0.0144 was considered as the threshold habitat quality. Then, HSI was calculated for five mountain systems for three periods conforming to three national surveys (1974, 1989 and 2002). Several benefits to the approach can be highlighted. Firstly, HSI can be used as the standard to evaluate the quality of Giant Panda habitat. Secondly, by using HSI maps from 1974, 1989 and 2002, we can see that the Giant Panda habitat was the largest in 1974, and was then reduced much before 1989. However, by 2002, it had recovered to some extent, which conforms to the habitat data from the three national surveys. Thirdly, the habitat changes in the five mountain systems examined in the study are different. Finally, nature reserves play an important role in the protection of Giant Panda habitat; there are more suitable habitats in nature reserves than non-protected areas.

16

Association of eight EST-derived SNPs with carcass and meat quality traits in pigs

42%

Tong X., Zhang Z., Jiao Y., Xu J., Dang H., Chen Y., Jiang Z., Duan J., Zhang H., Li J., Wang C.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2015

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tom 56

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nr 1

17

The applied anatomy and clinical significance of the proximal, V1 segment of vertebral artery

32%

Li X., Guan L., Zilundu P. L. M., Chen J., Chen Z., Ma M., Zhuang H., Zhuang Z., Qiu Y., Ye F., Wu X., Sang H., Ye Y., Han Y., Yao H., Li H., Zhong G., Wu H., Jiang Z., Chu G., Xu D., Zhou L.

Folia Morphologica

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2019

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tom 78

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nr 4

Background: The aim of the study was to probe the morphological features of the proximal segment (V1) of vertebral artery (VA) in a sample of Chinese cadavers. Materials and methods: The origin, course and outer diameter at origin of the pre-vertebral part of the VAs were evaluated in 119 adult cadavers. Results: It was found that 94.12% of the VAs originated from the subclavian arteries, bilaterally. The variant origins were present in 5.88% of the cadavers and all originated directly from the arch of the aorta. All the variations were observed on the left side of male cadavers. The average outer diameters at origin of the normal and variation groups were 4.35 ± 1.00 mm and 4.82 ± 1.42 mm, respectively, p = 0.035. In the normal group, but not in the variation group, the average diameter in the males was significantly larger than that in the females (4.50 ± 0.99 mm, 3.92 ± 0.92 mm, respectively, p = 0.000). In addition, only 5 cadavers in the normal group had hypoplastic VAs (4.20%, 4 males, 3 right-sided). Vertebral artery dominance (VAD) was present in 91 (69 males) out of 112 cadavers and more common on the left (n = 48). In addition, 3 cadavers satisfied conditions for coexistence of VAD and vertebral artery hypoplasia. All 7 cadavers in the variation group exhibited VAD, which was more common on the right side (n = 5). Conclusions: The morphologic variations and frequencies described above have implications for the early prevention, abnormal anatomy detection, accurate diagnosis, safe surgery and endovascular treatment of cardiovascular and neurological disease. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 4: 710–719)

Ograniczanie wyników

Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Digestive responses of wapiti Cervus elaphus canadensis to seasonal forages

MicroRNA expression profiling in alveolar macrophages of indigenous Chinese Tongcheng pigs infected with PRRSV in vivo

Summer diet of two sympatric species of raptors Upland Buzzard [Buteo hemilasius] and Eurasian Eagle Owl [Bubo bubo] in Alpine meadow: problem of coexistence

Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in the lower yangtze river and surface waters of three Chinese provinces

Can China achieve its CO2 emission mitigation target in 2030: a system dynamics perspective

Mixed leaf litter decomposition and N, P release with a focus on Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houz. forest in subtropical southeastern China

Research on hydrodynamic properties of annular cavitator with water injection

Integrated environmental performance assessment of basic oxygen furnace steelmaking

Molecular characterization of the porcine S100A6 gene and analysis of its expression in pigs infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV)

Summer distribution patterns of Trichodesmium spp. in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf

Salinity variability of soda meadow alkaline soil in different depths of subsurface pipe

Cd subcellular localization in root tips of Hordeum vulgare

Allometry and biomass production of Phyllostachys Edulis across the whole lifespan

Evaluating the habitat quality of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using habitat suitability index (HSI)

Association of eight EST-derived SNPs with carcass and meat quality traits in pigs

The applied anatomy and clinical significance of the proximal, V1 segment of vertebral artery