The fractionation of rye bran, done on a type DMK 0.81-4M DDR laboratory sifter, provided bran fractions with different contents of proteins, starch, cellulose and sugars. As a result of treatment of the bran fractions and unfractionated bran with cellulase complexes of various strains of the fungus Armillariella mellea, a higher degree of protein extraction from the fractions' aleuronic layer with a simultaneous higher degree of cellulose hydrolysis and reducing sugars increment as compared to the values for unfractionated bran, were obtained.
The yield of ethanol production by bacteria Zymomonas mobilis, distillery yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces yeast have been studied using Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Two cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke: Albik and Rubik were used. Both acid and enzymatic hydrolysis were used to hydrolyse inulin into fermentable sugars. There was no use to hydrolyse inulin prior to fermentation with Kluyveromyces yeast. Fermentation with bacteria and distillery yeast was carried out at pH 5.5, 30°C while the time was 72-96 h. The conditions were: pH 4.5, 35°C and 72-96 h when using Kluyveromyces yeast for fermentation. Fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers by bacteria Zymomonas mobilis gave 86.11% and 90.02% theoretical yield of ethanol after acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin, respectively. The distillery yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Kluyveromyces yeast used for the mash fermentation allowed obtaining lower ethanol yield (80-84.15% of theoretical yield)
Proteins from the endosperm fraction and the aleuronie layers in harley and oats brans were isolated by means of proteolitic enzymes. The isolated aleuronie layer was ,then decomposed with a set of cellulases derived from Armillariella mellea (Fr. ex. Wahl.) P. Karsten fungus. It was also subjected to release of proteins. Aminoacid composition of endospermie and aleuronie fractions was determined. Chemical indices of the above were formulated.
A highly active preparation of cellulases from an edihle fungus Arm. mellea (Fr. ex. Wahl) P. Karsten was ohtained. Its hydrolitic capahility to decompose cellulose in cell memhranes of the aleuronie layer of harley and oats hran was determined. Application of successive treatment of the bran's initial processing with pronase and then to the cellulases ohtained from Arm. mellea rendered it possihle to extract proteins almost completely from harley hran, and somewhat below that level from oats bran.
Przeprowadzono fermentacje alkoholowe bulw topinamburu (H. tuberosus L.) z zastosowaniem bakterii Z. mobilis 3881 i 3883 oraz drożdży S. cerevisiae B4, D2 і Вс 1ба. Stwierdzono, że zarówno bakterie, jak i drożdże zdolne są do produkcji alkoholu etylowego z zacierów przygotowanych z hydrolizo- wanych rozdrobnionych bulw i soku z topinamburu. Maksymalne wydajności alkoholu etylowego z bulw genotypu Rubik przy użyciu drożdży S. cerevisiae wynosiły 78,20%, a bakterii Z. mobilis 74,36% w stosunku do wydajności teoretycznej.
The fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers and juices using various microorganisms: the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis, a distillery yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a yeast with inulinase activity was investigated. Jerusalem artichoke carbohydrates in mashed tubers and juices were acid and enzymatic hydrolysed before fermentation by the bacterium and a distillery yeast. Although enzymatic hydrolysis with an inulinase gave less reducing sugars it was significantly more efficient in fermentation process. The ethanol yield after enzymatic hydrolysis (expressed as % theoretical yield) was 78.3-90.0% and 72.4-84.2% for the bacterium and yeasts respectively in tubers as well as 78.3-88.1% and 74.4-82.2% for the bacterium and yeasts in juices. The yield was 2.0-9.2% higher than after acid hydrolysis. The yeast with an active inulinase yielded better when juices were used for fermentation than on mashed tubers.
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