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In Poland there are 163 lakes (a major percentage in Western Pomerania) which thanks to its specific physical and chemical properties and unique vegetation are termed lobelian lakes. These are mostly small reservoirs without any tributaries which due to poor and small watersheds have retained the status of oligotrophic lakes. Vegetation occurring there includes boreal and Atlantic relicts, classified as rare and protected species, e.g. Lobelia dortmanna, Isoetes lacustris and Litorella uniflora. These species have special habitat and nutrition requirements and they grow only in lakes with the low calcium content. The article provides characteristics of these unique ecosystems.
The two pondweed taxa, new for the Polish flora, were found in the Drawa River in the Drawieński National Park (north-western Poland). Patches of P. x sparganiifolius started about 400 m below the mouth of the left-bank tributary, the Korytnica River, and ended about 5.5 km further downstream. The population colonized mainly a sandy substrate with varied particle size, moderately deep water, and moderate water flow rate. The patches were very dense and composed nearly exclusively of P. x sparganiifolius. They occurred mainly in the main current of the Drawa, and were up to several dozen metres long. By contrast, P. x nericius was found only in a small creek with stagnant water, at the edge of a patch dominated by P. x sparganiifolius, on a substrate composed of mud and sand, at the depth of 40-60 cm.
The paper provides morphometric, physicochemical and vegetation structure of the 16 lakes in Drawieński National Park (DNP). These lakes showed considerable differentiation according to their morphometrical and physico-chemical variables. There are distinguished 4 groups of lakes: (1) throughflow lakes; (2) small, eutrophic non-throughflow lakes; (3) dystrophic lakes with humic water bodies; and (4) mesotrophic lakes. A dependence of the structure of the predominant vegetation types on morphometrical and physico-chemical variables was tested. Results of study of vegetation structure proves the initial classification of the lakes into several groups on the basis of environmental variables. The most important type of vegetation of throughflow lakes are helophytes and nymphaeids. The phytolitoral of eutrophic non-throughflow lakes is scanty. The vegetation of dystrophic lakes is dominated by species with floating leaves and mosses. The common vegetation of mesotrophic lakes is dominated by Chara species and elodeids.
The use of simple GIS and GPS techniques as tools supporting field data collection in the process of macrophyte-based assessment and classification of the ecological status of lakes is described in the paper. The ecological status of Lake Długie was determined with traditional water quality evaluation methods, including the “anchor” or “diving and GIS” method. Obtained results show simple GIS techniques for registering submerged plant communities supplemented with terrain investigations involving scuba diving, producing more accurate data than those acquired with traditional methods.
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