Communities of hay meadows with Arrhenatherum elatius form phytocenoses of at least two plant communities: Arrhenatheretum elatioris – semi-natural habitats, and Tanaceto-Arrhenatheretum elatioris – ruderal habitats. The communities of tall oat-grass include approximately 150 species of vascular plants. In central Poland Tanaceto-Arrhenatheretum is the main habitat for many species characteristic of the Arrhenatherion alliance, including: Pastinaca sativa, Knautia arvensis, Tragopogon pratensis. Hay meadows are vulnerable (VU) components of vegetation of the characterized region. There is a need to verify syntaxonomic units within the Arrhenatherion alliance and phytosociological identifiers of Natura 2000 habitats – extensively used hay lowland meadows (6510).
The Koźmin mining deposit is a part of the alluvial plain in the western part of the Koło Basin (Kotlina Kolska). It is intersected by a dense network of dry channels - the remains of a multi-channel system which existed here in the Younger Dryas and Holocene. The region's flora includes about 400 plant species mostly associated with fresh and dry habitats. Vegetation is formed by the phytocenoses of 51 natural and seminatural plant associations and communities, of which 17 are regarded as threatened in the Wielkopolska region. The key threats to the area's vegetation include the drying of wet habitats, intensification of agriculture, termination of the use of meadows and certain fields for forming. Protection of the preserved areas of meadow and swamp vegetation in the Warta Valley is recommended, possibly with the use of agri-environmental programmes.
The process of secondary succession is observed in the meadows of river valleys in most areas of Central Poland. Abandoned meadows are the result of demographic and economic changes in the country. As a result of secondary succession, forest communities return to abandoned pastures in Pilsia Valley. There are several scenarios of this process. In the classical model the following sequential order appears: tall herbs, tall herbs with seedlings of trees and shrubs, willow thickets and woods. Drained meadows become secondary swamps. The transition stage of turning into a forest are rushes and nitrophilous climbers (Calystegietalia sepium). In the parts of the valley which are outside the direct reach of surface water, the return of the forest is preceded by the appearance of community with the dominance of one species, which is usually Deschampsia caespitosa.