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Arcobacter butzleri and A. cryaerophilus are considered potential foodborne pathogens. Consumption of Arcobacter-contaminated food is regarded the most likely source of human poisoning. We investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter isolates in 210 retail meat samples. Seventy-nine A. butzleri and 6 A. cryaerophilus were isolated from pork, beef and chicken meat. Incidence of A. butzleri was found to be the highest in chicken meat (83%). Less of A. butzleri was isolated from beef (16%) and pork (14%). Most of the A. butzleri isolates were resistant to ß-lactams, like ampicillin (85%), amoxicillin with clavulonic acid (63%), cefotaxime (66%) and mac-rolides, i.e., erythromycin (62%). In contrast, all except one A. cryaerophilus isolates were susceptible to erythromycin. Tetracycline and aminoglycosides showed the highest efficacy against A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus since almost 80% of their population was susceptible to these agents. All, except one A. cryaerophilus and the majority of A. butzleri isolates (70%) were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. The incidence of multiresistant isolates was found in forty two (53%) A. butzleri, and one (16%) A. cryaerophilus isolates. Eight A. butzleri isolates were resistant to all antimicrobials tested. These results indicate significant incidence of potential foodborne zoonotic agents, i.e. A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus including multiresistant isolates in retail meat in Poland.
Animals are important reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogen causing serious infections in both humans and livestock. However, data on invasiveness of L. monocytogenes strains of animal origin is very scarce. Ability of 18 L. monocytogenes strains of animal origin to invade HT- 9 cells was investigated. Plaque forming assay was used to assess invasiveness and ability of the pathogen to spread in the cell line. Almost 40% of L. monocytogenes strains were weakly invasive. It was shown that strains from serogroup 4b exhibited the highest invasiveness, whereas serogroup 1/2b consisted of strains of invasiveness below 0.0001%. Analysis of translated inlA and inlB gene sequences revealed no premature stop codons. Lineage-specific mutations in low invasive strains were identified within inlA and inlB sequences. Our results demonstrate high incidence of low invasive animal L. Monocytogenes strains, which may be at least partly explained by unique point mutations in the InlA and InlB.
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