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The paper presents literature data on the flowering biology of eggplant and the influence of flower heterostyly on yielding. Flowers with long–styled pistol are the majority among all flowers on a plant (60%). Number of flowers with medium and short style is lower (10–15% and 22–30%, respectively). Eggplants set fruits from flowers with long style in 49–100% and with medium style in 46–85%. These flower’s stigmata have well – developed nodules and well – permissible tissues rich in polysaccharides, proteins styled flowers have small stigmata with underdeveloped nodules and, due to worse absorption, they are not pollinated and do not set fruits. Taking into account the complexity of many factors that make difficult or impossible to self-pollinate the eggplant’s flowers, the efficiency of three procedures intensifying the fruit budding has been presented: bunch vibrating, flower harmonization, and natural pollinating by bumblebees. Many authors’ studies confirm that flower bunch vibrating has not caused sufficient pollen setting on stomata and has not been sufficient for good eggplant flower pollination. Applying growth regulators appears to be more efficient and significantly affects the improvement of eggplant’s yielding. The highest efficiency has been achieved when applying insects as natural pollinators at cultivating the eggplant under covers.
The experiment was carried out in a three unheated plastic tunnels in 19982000. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of flower' s heterostyly and two methods of flower pollination (self-pollination and using bumble-bee) as well as flower hormonization on the flowering and fruiting of three varieties of aubergine 'Black Beauty', 'Solara F1 and 'Epic F1" The analysis of results showed that the "eggplants formed more flowers in object with self-pollination and flower hormonization than those pollinated by bumble-bee. Regardless of the pollination way and flower hormonization, eggplants formed the highest number of flowers with long pistil and much less - with medium and short pistil. It was shown that the tendency to formation the flowers with particular type of pistil is the variety trait of eggplants. The highest number of flowers with long pistil was observed in varieties 'Solara F1' and Epic F1, and those with medium pistil - in 'Black Beauty' variety. Heterostyly phenomenon occurring in eggplant' s flowers affected the plant's fruiting. The most fruits were set from flowers with long pistils than from those with 'um and short ones. Fruits formed from long pistil flowers were characterized with significantly greater mean weight and size, than those formed from medium and short pistil ones. No significant influence of pollination method on eggplant fruit quality was ,found in three years of study. Fruits achieved due to three pollination methods were characterized with similar mean weight and diameter. Fruits with significantly larger length were achieved from flowers pollinated by bumble-bees than from self pollinated ones.
The experiments were carried out in 1998–2000 in a unheated plastic tunnel. The effects of single plants topping on the quantity and quality of the yield of three cultivars of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) – ‘Black Beauty’ ‘Solara F₁ ’ and ‘Epic F₁ ’ in the experiment was determined. No significant influence of the method on the marketable yield and the number of fruits in marketable yield was found. Plants topping also had no positive effect on mean weight of marketable yield fruit. Results achieved in present experiment point out that fruit size (length and diameter) more depends on cultivar and weather course than plants topping procedures.
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