Określono wpływu biostymulatora Asahi SL na wzrost różnych szczepów Fusarium oxysporum. Do badań wybrano 6 patogenicznych izolatów F. oxysporum: 2 wyizolowane z podstawy źdźbła pszenicy, 2 wyizolowane z podstawy źdźbła pszenżyta oraz 2 wyosobnione z porażonych siewek buraka cukrowego. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w warunkach temperatury pokojowej (22°C) w czterech powtórzeniach oraz czterech wariantach stężeniowych biostymulatora: 0,0 dm³·ha⁻¹ (kontrola), 0,4 dm³·ha⁻¹ (0.133 g preparatu na 100 ml pożywki), 0,6 dm³·ha⁻¹ (0,2 g preparatu na 100 ml pożywki - dawka zalecana) oraz 1,0 dm³·ha⁻¹ (0,33 g preparatu na 100 ml pożywki). Na pożywce PDA umieszczono krążek siedmiodniowej grzybni F. oxysporum. Obserwacje i pomiary średnicy grzybni wykonywano po 7 i 14 dniach od momentu wyłożenia krążków grzybni na pożywkę. Na podstawie analizy wyników z przeprowadzonego doświadczenia stwierdzono, że preparat Asahi SL wywierał istotny wpływ na wzrost grzybni Fusarium oxysporum.
The aim of research was the assessment of potato tuber healthiness of two salad cultivars (Solara, Inova) and one cultivar designed for baking (Chalenger). The samples of potato tubers for testing were collected from the same supermarkets each year. It was shown, that the cultivars Solar and Chalenger were more infected by H. solani. The cultivar Inova was infected by Pectobacterium spp., and cultivar Solara by Rhizoctonia spp.
Atmospheric air may contain a variety of biological components, e.g. microorganisms, which may be harmful to the internal environment of caves and the health of its visitors. Our study aimed at mycological evaluation of the air inside and outside of Niedźwiedzia Cave in Poland. Between 123 and 214 CFU fungi per 1m³ of air were isolated from the air sampled in the cave, and ca. 600 CFU from the air sampled outside of it. Cladosporium herbarum and Rhizopus stolonifer are the species most frequently isolated from the air inside the cave and Cladosporium herbarum from the outside.
Zgodnie z dyrektywą 2009/128/EC wszystkie państwa Unii Europejskiej będą zobligowane do wprowadzenia zintegrowanej ochrony roślin od 2004 r. Dlatego też jest potrzeba poszukiwania nowych możliwości wprowadzenia do agrotechniki zabiegów o charakterze proekologicznym. W ostatnich latach na krajowym rynku pojawiło się wiele środków poprawiających właściwości gleby, m.in. preparaty mikrobiologiczne i użyźniacze glebowe. Celem podjętych badań była ocena występowania rdzy brunatnej liści pszenżyta ozimego upra¬wianego w monokulturze z zastosowaniem różnych zabiegów poprawiających kondycję roślin. W doświadczeniu jednoczynnikowym uprawiano pszenżyto ozime w monokulturze i w płodo- zmianie 3-polowym. W dwuczynnikowym doświadczeniu polowym w celu poprawy właściwości Praca wykonana w ramach projektu badawczego nr N N310 3091 39 finansowanego przez Naro¬dowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju stanowiska stosowano międzyplon ścierniskowy na przyoranie oraz dwa środki poprawiające wła¬ściwości gleby: UGmax i Eko-Użyźniacz. Jednocześnie przeprowadzono opryskiwanie pszenżyta preparatem z zawartością tzw. efektywnych mikroorganizmów. Oceny porażenia liści przez Puc- cinia recóndita dokonano w fazie dojrzałości mleczno-woskowej na 30 roślinach na poletku. Wy¬kazano istotny wpływ czynników doświadczenia na stopień zainfekowania roślin. Występowanie rdzy brunatnej na pszenżycie uprawianym po sobie było wyraźnie większe niż w płodozmianie. Zarówno uprawa międzyplonu, jak i opryskiwanie gleby preparatami UGmax i Eko-Użyźniacz wpłynęły istotnie na zmniejszenie stopnia występowania choroby. Wprowadzenie do agrotechniki efektywnych mikroorganizmów nie poprawiło zdrowotności pszenżyta.
The aim of the paper is to estimate the effect of the application of biostimaltors Asahi SL, Sunagreen and Hergit on the growth of Fusarium poae, F. oxysporum, F. culomorum, Gibberella avenacea, Gibberella zeae, Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Fungi was isolated from infested stem of winter oilseed rape. The experiment was conducted in 2010–2011. The biostimulators were applied in sixth combination: control (0 dm3/ha), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 dm3/ha. The results of the experiment revealed that the application of Asahi SL, Sunagreen and Hergit biostymulators and inhibited mycelium growth of tested fungi on depending on the fungus species and applied dose.
Corn silage is one of the best roughage, for cattle feeding all year round. A high quality corn silage should be characterized by a pleasant sour smell, unchanged texture and colour of plant fragments, and the absence of pollution by fungi. In 2010 fungi colonizing three types of silage have been identified, with particular emphasis on: Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. These three fungi species are known to produce mycotoxins toxic to humans and animals. The analysed substrates were: grass silage, corncob- mix (CCM) silage and the whole crop corn silage. The fungi were isolated most abundantly from the CCM silage and their species composition was most diverse there. In all three types of silage the yeast-like fungi predominated. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated most frequently from the CCM silage, whereas they were isolated in small numbers from the grass silage and the whole crop corn silage. Other fungi: Alternaria alternata, Trichoderma polysporum, Cladosporium herbarum, Rhizopus nigricans, Mucor hiemalis, Monascus spp. were isolated sporadically. The fungi of the genus Fusarium were not found in the tested silages.
The study aimed at being a mycological evaluation of spring barley grain harvested from the barley-pea intercrop, on which different methods of weed control had been used. The field experiment was carried out during 2010-12 and it was conducted using randomized block design in four replicates. Weed control was mechanical (spring-tine harrow treatment of variable intensity) and chemical (herbicide Chwastox Extra 300 SL – 3L per ha). Fungal colonization tests were carried out on disinfected and non-disinfected grains. The research has shown statistically significant differences in the total number of fungi isolated from disinfected and non-disinfected grains in particular years of study, between the objects, and in some cases between the study years. The fungus most frequently isolated from all variants of the experiment was Alternaria alternata. Penicillium chrysogenum was isolated only from non-disinfected grains. Presented results show that mechanical weed control treatments of appropriately adjusted intensity do not increase fungal colonization of barley grains in mixed culture with peas, as compared to the herbicidal control. The best variant of mechanical weed control for the cereal-legume mixture in terms of mycological quality of barley grain was one passage of spring-tine harrow at full tillering stage of barley. Mechanical weed control may be an alternative to herbicides in weed control in cereal-legume mixtures and may be particularly important for organic and integrated farming.
Stored wheat grains are colonized by a wide range of saprophytic and pathogenic fungi. Contamination by mycotoxigenic species like Fusarium spp. raise concern about the food safety of the commodity. Different environmental and genetic factors govern colonization. The present work studies the relationships between the wheat variety and the resistance against Fusarium head blight (FHB) among the diversity of grain colonizers. Five Swiss and fi ve Polish varieties were planted in an experimental site, and the grains were harvested and stored according to a unifi ed protocol in order to avoid contamination during and after harvest. In parallel, the resistance of the varieties was established by conducting trials at two other experimental sites with artifi cial infections. Overall, about 18 fungal taxa were identifi ed on the grains from the plot trial. Results show signifi cant differences in the presence and abundance of fungal species between the varieties. Colonization, in particular with Fusarium spp., was not correlated with FHB resistance. The experiments demonstrate that the factor variety can infl uence the colonization of wheat grains by fungi. Future research must help to better understand the plant traits that govern the differential colonization. These fi ndings should be considered in future studies on wheat storage and food safety.