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The paper looks at the role of border rivers in the shaping of cross-border regional ties. In the introductory part, the role of rivers and the state borders as spatial borders is discussed as this helps explain the varying roles of border rivers in the processes of developing cross-border linkages, presented and evaluated in the paper.
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Działalność popularyzatorska i edukacyjna

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Formy i zakres popularyzacji wiedzy geograficznej przez pracowników Zakładu Geografii Regionalnej w różnych mediach: radiu, telewizji, książkach, czasopismach, gazetach. Działania edukacyjne obejmowały przygotowywanie filmów i zestawów przeźroczy, programów wycieczek edukacyjnych, a także tłumaczenia literatury obcojęzycznej.
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Józef Barbag

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Józef Barbag was born on 9 April 1903, in Podolia. In 1922-1927 he studied geography at the John Casimir University in Lviv. After graduation he taught at several secondary schools and in 1953 took a post at the Institute of Geography of the University of Warsaw where in 1968 he obtained professorship. His specialties were the regional and the political geography and in these fields he published numerous papers that gained him international respect. He was the author of the first post-war textbook of the political geography and he wrote many monographs, textbooks, and articles on the regional geography of the world. For many years he was the editor-in-chief of the periodical for teachers „Geografia w Szkole” and was a co-founder of the Geographical Olympiad for school teenagers. He held responsible positions in the Ministry of Education and cooperated with the Polish office of UNESCO. He was well known abroad: he participated in numerous conferences and was invited to lecture at European and American universities. He was active in the Commission for Geographical Education and Methodology at the International Geographic Union and he was decorated, among the others, with the Commander's and Officer's Cross of Polonia Restituta and with many foreign orders for his scientific and didactic output. Professor Józef Barbag died on 19 June 1982, in Warsaw.
The political borders are the interest of many branches of science, such as history, politology, law and geography. This is a reason that there are a lot of various classifications and typologies of the borders. The sense of the division of the political borders into the natural and artificial arouses many controversies among the geographers. Generally, the natural borders are consider to run along the mountains, rivers, sea-coasts, etc. Together with the rejection of philosophical conceptions of the geographical determinism, geographers generally stopped taking an interest in natural conditions of the course and the function of the political borders. The geopolitics and argumentation that the natural borders bear little strategical role and are the obstacles in communication, influenced the aversion to using of that term. Nevertheless, some geographers still use the terms: artificial and natural borders. The lawyers lay emphasis on the sense of that classification, noticing the expediency of adding the annexes to the boundary treaties concerning e.g. rivers and lakes lying on the borders. The conventions regarding the preservation and creating of the forest, mountain and desert environments where the borders run, are necessary. The co-ordinated actions concerning the national parks lying near the borders are indispensable. In such understanding, the separation and survey of the natural borders seem reasonable and socially useful.
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