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The aim of the studies was to determine the relationship between the placenta weight and fatness of the sows in late pregnancy, their body weight and reproduction indices. The evaluation covered 89 F1 sows (PLW x PL) and their progeny. The high-pregnant sows (104 ±2 days) were weighed; fatness of animals (points: P1, P2, P3 and P4) and height of musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) was determined (P4M). The reproduction results were controlled: the number of totally born, still born and alive piglets, weight of litter and piglet at birth and weight of placenta. Depending on the placenta weight (group I ≤3.2 kg, II – 3.3-4.1 kg and III ≥4.2 kg), the results of reproduction performance of the sows were compared. In group III as compared to II and I, fatness and body weight of the sows and reproduction results, expressed as number of the piglets in the litter and weight of the litter, were significantly higher (P≤0.05 or P≤0.01). The correlation coefficients between placenta weight and fatness, height of MLD and body weight of high-pregnant sows were positive but statistically insignificant. Significant positive correlations (P≤0.01) were demonstrated between the placenta weight and the number of piglets born in total and born alive in the litter and their weight. It was determined that the lower the placenta weight per one piglet born in total was, the higher was the number of still born piglets (r =−0.325, P>0.05). The results of own studies indicate the role of the placenta weight in shaping the number of piglets born and the weight of the newborn animals.
There are three native and two introduced ruminant species from deer family (Cervidae) living in wild in Poland. The native species (moose Alces alces, red deer Cervus elaphus and roe deer Capreolus capreolus) live also in the Kampinoski National Park, one of the greatest national parks in Poland, that consists of many different habitats such as various types of forest, swamps, meadows and also agricultural areas. Because of protection of this area by Polish and European law, the number of wild ruminants is high (about 350 mooses, 150 red deer and 2500 roe deer). The study was conducted in order to examine the composition of internal parasites of deer living in the Kampinoski National Park and to determine their frequency depending on the host species. From September 2014 to April 2015, 343 fecal samples (73 red deer, 133 moose and 137 roe deer) were collected. Standard flotation (using sodium chloride aqueous solution) and sedimentation methods were used, as well as Vajda method (to find expected larvae of lung−inhabiting nematodes). Coccidia from Eimeria genus, three species of trematodes, tapeworms from Moniezia genus, and various nematodes (families Trichostrongylidae and Protostrongylidae, genus Strongyloides, Nematodirus, Trichuris and Aonchotheca) were detected. Nematodes from Trichostrongylidae family have occurred the most frequent in all investigated deer species with the prevalence of 72.2% in moose, 52.1% in red deer and 48.9% in roe deer. Differences among hosts were statistically significant. The prevalence of other invasions has turned out much lower and without statistically significant differences between hosts, except from trematodes. The prevalence of all internal parasite invasions is high in all investigated deer species with the value 83.5%, 79.5% and 60.0% in moose, red deer and roe deer respectively. This high prevalence of parasitic infections is typical for wild ruminants and could be considered as a potential risk for domestic ruminants, because of similarity of the parasitofauna and possible migration of deer, particularly mooses.
Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by infection with protozoa of the genus Babesia. During over 20 years of studies on canine babesiosis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, the researchers have identified the species of the parasite and its vector in Poland, determined the cause of azotemia and observed other pathological changes, such as endocrine disorders, changes in the de Ritis quotient, as well as biochemical and hematological changes. It was shown that the tick Dermacentor reticulatus is the only vector of canine babesiosis in Poland and the disease is caused by Babesia canis (formerly known as Babesia canis canis). The first studies of pathological changes confirmed the results of previous research in other countries, in which the most prevalent changes in canine babesiosis were thrombocytopenia, anemia leucopenia, increased activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Research on azotemia in dogs infected with B. canis showed the contribution of TNF-α overproduction to hypotension and its influence on renal ischemia, hypoxia and the development of azotemia. Moreover, in research on endocrine disorders in canine babesiosis, it was shown that IL-6 overproduction leads to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis resulting in euthyroid sick syndrome, and that secondary hyperaldosteronism results from decreased renal blood flow and leads to hypokalemia. The results of the research were published in 27 original papers, 6 case reports and many review articles in veterinary journals. These studies provided veterinary surgeons in Poland with improved procedures for diagnosing canine babesiosis, as well as allowed them to better understand some pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and to develop more efficacious therapies.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis infection in dogs and cats from Mazovian Voivodeship depending on their species, sex, age and season of the year. From January 2016 to December 2017, five thousand two hundred and twenty-five faecal samples were examined by the coproscopical method. The mean prevalence rate for G. intestinalis was 8.3% in dogs and 5.8% in cats. Statistical differences in the rate of G. intestinalis infection depended on age. Lamblia infection was observed more frequently in younger animals (under 1 year of age) than in older ones. The prevalence of G. intestinalis in dogs was significantly higher in females (9.6%) compared with males (7.3%) (P = 0.015). Moreover, the influence of the season of sampling on the incidence of G. intestinalis invasion in dogs was noted at the border of significance (P = 0.053). In the case of cats, no significant relationship was found between the prevalence of infection and the species, sex or the season of sampling, although the infection occurred more often during autumn and winter than during spring and summer.
Meatquality of fattening pigs born from sows fed different diets during early pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the pork quality of fattening pigs (Polish Landrace ´Polish Large White ´Duroc) originated from sows fed during early pregnancy (41 to 70 days) with diets differing in quantity and quality (LD1 vs LK sows – 130% of recommendations, LD2 sows – energy supplement). Thirty-six weaners from LK, LD1 and LD2 sows were selected for fattening and assigned to groups K, D1 and D2 (12 animals per group). Fatteners were fed in 3 phases and kept under standardized environmental conditions (individual pens, constant access to water). Better growth rate in the offspring was obtained as a result of temporarily more intense feeding of pregnant sows with increased daily rations. Modification of the sow diets had no appreciable effect on the slaughter traits of the fatteners postmortem, which shows that there are no contraindications for temporary changes in the feeding of pregnant sows. Good and uniform meatiness of the fatteners in the control and experimental groups was obtained. Chemical composition and physical characteristics of the meat were similar among the groups and the meat was of good quality. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found for several traits: crude ash content, a* colour value, and the proportion of C17:1 and C18:2 n-6 acids.
W pracy przedstawiono ewolucję żywienia loch na podstawie norm żywienia w aspekcie poprawy ich produkcyjności i optymalizacji kondycji, które stanowią o długowieczności i wysokiej produkcyjności życiowej. Omówiono zalecenia żywieniowe dla loch prośnych i karmiących na przestrzeni półwiecza, zwracając uwagę na ich zróżnicowanie w czasie. Podkreślono, iż podstawą zmian są przesłanki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne. Prowadzone od lat prace ukierunkowano na poprawę cech rozrodu świń; konsekwencją zwiększonej płodności, przy niedoborach żywieniowych i zaburzeniach hormonalnych, mogą być zakłócenia prenatalnej miogenezy oraz wzrostu i rozwoju potomstwa w okresie postnatalnym. Różnorodna suplementacja paszy loch pozwala ograniczyć skalę problemu. Intensywnie użytkowane lochy nowoczesnych genotypów wymagają w poszczególnych fazach cyklu rozrodczego szczególnej dbałości w zakresie optymalizacji żywienia. Warunkuje to osiągnięcie, a następnie utrzymanie dobrej kondycji oraz dużej i długotrwałej produkcji, przy niskim wskaźniku brakowania.
The research conducted by the WULS Division of Horse Breeding in the Polish Konik Preservation Breeding Centre of Biebrza National Park focused on the behaviour, body condition, forage base and parasitological status of the horses. Analysis of the influence of two management systems - free-range and limited-area enclosures - on the behaviour of the horses showed that they tend to maintain a constant pattern of basic behavioural displays. Temperature was found to influence the herd’s behaviour. The factor that had the greatest impact on the horses’ body condition was the air temperature within 3 months prior to the assessment (P≤0.01). It is difficult to unequivocally assess the role of Polish Konik horses in the prevention of ecological succession. Horse foraging in the area may have a stabilizing role for purple moor-grass meadows, but mowing is necessary to maintain this ecologically valuable plant community.
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