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Celery is a valuable vegetable plants, due to the properties of dietary, medicinal and taste. It is moderately cold climate plant, well yielding in climatic conditions of our country, with proper selection of varieties and soil. A pot experiment carried out in two one-year series (2001 and 2002 year) examined the effect of various concentrations of Tytanit applied once and twice against NPK fertilization, in comparison to the control object and with mineral fertilization applied (NPK), on the yield of the total biomass, petioles and blades of celery, as well as the content of titanium, iron, manganese and copper. Those elements fulfil a primary role in the process of photosynthesis and (according to literature data) titanium also plays an important function in this process. It was found that foliar fertilization with Tytanit had a favourable effect on increasing the test plant yield. The highest yield of celery biomass was obtained after applying the highest dose of Tytanit. The frequency of spraying resulted in slight changes in the yielding of the test plant. A higher average bioaccumulation of titanium, iron and manganese was observed in blades than in petioles, in series I and II of the study. The highest concentration of Tytanit applied once and twice resulted in a decreasing bioaccumulation of Fe and Mn in the examined parts of celery, in series I and II of the study. The highest amounts of Cu were observed on the control object fertilized with NPK and under the influence of Tytanit application in the lowest concentrations. The average uptake of Ti and Mn with the yield of blades was twice as high as the yield of petioles, while in the case of Fe and Cu, it was higher with the yield of petioles than of blades.
The environment's resistance potential is defined as the landscape's ability to reduce the negative effects of pollution, which involves, for instance, reduction of the number of pollutants in the envirnnmental system through accumulation. The size of this potential depends on the properties of those components which can relatively permanently accumulate chemical substances, that is, mainly the properties of the soil cover. The model of environmental changes projected on this basis describes mechanisms and speed with which pollutants are distributed in the soil profile, and the environment's interactions with the functional landscape structure. The methodological assumptions presented here are used to offer a genuine, complex diagnosis of the condition of the environment, to anticipate the consequences of continued anthropopressure and to propose the necessary actions aimed to reduce its ongoing degradation.
This work introduces the results of research on natural conditioning of heavy metals migration process, the measurement of which is their accumulation level in soils, and level of relations between coming from the Płock city-industrial complex (PZM-P) heavy metals emission to the atmosphere, and local sources, amount of their supply to soil substratum, and stated concentration level in soil. Scientist defined in particular: (1) the state of environment heavy metals thread which is the resultant of their input and accumulation capability the result of which is the concentration identified in soil; (2) environmental hazard time variation; (3) the influence of natural and anthropogenic conditions on soil pollution level defined with the help of correlation analysis method of concentration defined in soil and amount of input and quantitatively defined capabilities of environmental accumulation within various time-intervals; (4) current soil cover heavy metals threat level with reference to pollution background and theoretically defined threshold concentration going beyond of which causes the geochemie balance disturbance; (5) space and time dynamics of soil pollution processes.
The factors that decide about physiognomy of landscape have dynamie character and came from influence of natural and anthropogenic effects and processes. That point of view meet the standards of European Landscape Convention, where visual, cultural and human attributes of landscape are threatening equivalent to ecosystem functioning. That fact gives the opportunity to put the question whether the activity in the national parks, connected statutory with protection of visually valuable, often the only existing landscape, give appropriate ecosystem protection and landscape stability or maybe pull down steady state of driving factors, bringing about loss of landscape unity, its identity and state of its aesthetic sustainability. Above mentioned problems have been analyzed on example of Narew National Park. The function and land use of the river valley depend on hydrological regime. The river was the factor which decide against terrain accessibility and possible direction of land use. In consequence that follows to adaptation of traditional economic to natural conditions, historically securing the stability of environmental structures and coexisting with them physiognomic and cultural elements of landscape. In consequence that made characteristic composition of structural patches and landscape interiors which are forming unitary shape of visual landscape. That values in accordance with records of protection plan of NPN should be secured by stimulation of processes that are positive from point of view possibilities of restoring (or maintaining) natural landscapes and simultaneously giving chances to slow down the actions that devaluate cultural landscape. Every observed landscape change, especially change of spatial composition, landscape diversity, harmony, naturality and identity indicates short term landscape stability and allow to measure effectiveness of protection activities. This allow to verify crucial factors for trends and rate of landscape changes (including natural and anthropogenic elements that cause fast change of visual landscape) and to identify landscape structures that characterize themselves with the highest dynamic.
In oder to properly protect potato raw material for food industry, fries and chips production, the Secretary of State in the Ministry of Agriculture gave a permission to import foreign potato cultivares for crop production. 31 cultivars in the quantity of 26545.7 tons were thus introduced to Poland in 1998-2002. In our tests in the laboratory and field condition, sixteen cultivars showed the resistance to S. endobioticum, six of them were susceptible and the remaining nine were not send for the test. The plantations of these imported cultivars of potato were under control of the Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service. According to their information, the soils from these was were free of resting sporangia of that patogen.
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