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Winter wheat cultivars were significantly infected by Puccinia triticina causing leaf rust in seasons 2000-2002 in southern and also central regions of Poland. Resistance genes Lr9, Lr19 and Lr24 were found to be effective against dominating populations of the pathogen and typical isolates of P. triticina. Mentioned three resistance genes as well as genes Lr10 and Lr37 were identified using STS (Sequence Tagged Site) DNA - PCR markers in cultivars and resistance sources. Mentioned markers were found very useful in resistance breeding of wheat.
Triticale introgressive lines were developed by incorporating diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum [TM16]) genes into the hexaploid triticale genotype LT522/6. The synthetic allotetraploid T. monococcum cereale (AmAmRR) was used as a bridging form to introduce the genes. A group of 43 introgressive lines, parental stocks and a check cultivar were inoculated at the seedling stage (in the greenhouse) and at the adult plant stage (in the field) with four pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici to determine if the stripe rust resistance was derived from TM16 and to analyze the expression of the diploid wheat gene(s) at the hexaploid level. At the seedling stage, 14 triticale introgressive lines expressed resistance to some of the used pathotypes, showing introduction of a genetic material from the T. monococcum genome. Among them, 7 lines were resistant to all four stripe rust pathotypes applied at this stage. In the field, adult plant resistance and percentage of infected leaf area were scored and transformed into the coefficient of infection. Plant response to stripe rust was compatible at these two developmental stages with a high statistical probability showing the genetic dependence on the same genetic background. Also observed was a full concordance of the adult plant resistance to stripe rust with previously assessed resistance to leaf rust, as well as the highly significant linkage of the resistance to the both diseases at the seedling stage in the set of the tested introgression lines. This result strongly suggests that T. monococcum genes responsible for these characters are located in proximity.
The resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) of the triticale hybrids was evaluated. The material under study consisted of 11 hybrids built up by crossing x Triticosecale Wittmack with Aegilops sp. and Agrotriticum sp. and 9 forms as parental components (5 triticale forms, 2 Aegilops sp. and 2 Agrotriticum sp.) as well as 2 standard and 2 check cultivars. Studies were carried out using the method of artificial inoculation at seedling stage in a greenhouse and at the adult plant stage under field conditions. Plants from each of the above-mentioned forms were inoculated a in greenhouse with four pathotypes Puccinia recondita triticina and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and population of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, while in the field conditions with a mixture of pathogen cultures. Five tested hybrids showed very high resistance to Puccinia triticina at the seedling and adult plant stages. A high resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici was found among studied forms in both growth stages. Almost all tested forms were affected by population of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici at seedling stage except of Aegilops crassa 4x Boiss and Aegilops juvenalis 6x (Thell.) Eig. The parental forms and standard cultivars displayed various responses with respect to rusts and powdery mildew resistance.
Oceniano odporność 29 genotypów Triticum durum, w tym 16 odmian zagranicznych i 13 linii krajowych na rdzę brunatną (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) w latach 1999–2000. Rośliny z poszczególnych form inokulowano w szklarni w stadium siewek czterema patotypami (izolatami) grzyba, zaś w polu mieszaniną tych patotypów w stadium 8–9 według skali Feekesa. Dwanaście spośród badanych form (7 odmian i 5 linii) charakteryzowało się wysoką odpornością na rdzę brunatną w stadium siewek i w stadium rośliny dorosłej. Osiem form (5 odmian i 3 linie) wykazało średnią odporność w warunkach polowych.
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