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The study with sage (Salvia officinalis L.) cv. ‘Bona’ was conducted in the years 1997–1999. The effect of time of harvest on yield of fresh herb sage and yield of air dry herb, yield of air dry leaves sage. The experiment was conducted with sage two-year old. Sage transplants were planted in distance 30×40 cm. The plant material was harvested twice – in May and in September. Harvest date hat significant influence on the weight of fresh sage herb. Yield of fresh sage herb in September was bigger (190.2 dt ha⁻¹) than yield of fresh sage herb in May (104.7 dt ha⁻¹). The percentage quantity of the essential oil in the herb and leaves of sage was depended on the harvest date. The herb and leaves of sage in September had bigger the percentage quantity of the essential oil than in May. The percentage quantity of the essential oil in the leaves of sage, witch was collected in September amounted above 1.5%.
Studies were carried out in 2003–2005. The dependence between harvest date and yielding of marjoram (cv. ‘Miraż’) was investigated. The plantation was set from a seedling produced in a greenhouse. Plants were set in 30 × 40 cm spacing. Two weeks after setting, part of plants were cut and shoot tips with the first leaf pair were removed. The herb harvest was made twice: in the middle of July and at the end of August. Ground herb was subjected to determinations of essential oils. Qualitative and quantitative composition of marjoram oil was determined by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The harvest date had significant influence on marjoram yielding. Higher yield of a fresh herb was achieved at the end of August (44.6 dt.ha⁻¹) than in the middle of July (30.5 dt.ha⁻¹). The essential oil content in the herb of marjoram cv. ‘Miraż’ was 1.7–2.2%. Trans-sabinene hydrate, terpinen-4-ol, and sabinene dominated in marjoram essential oil.
Horehound herb (Marrubium vulgare L.) is harvested from plantations in Poland. In our country, there are also favorable conditions for M. incanum Desr. growing. The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils from M. vulgare L. and M. incanum Desr. in the second year of cultivation. The study revealed the presence of 31 compounds in the essential oil from M. vulgare L. and 24 compounds in the essential oil from M. incanum Desr. Chromatographic analysis revealed that the main compounds in the essential oil of M. vulgare L. from a two-year plantation were as follows: E-caryophyllene (34.51–36.78%), germacrene D (22.45–27.18%), bicyclogermacrene (9.54–11.12%), δ-amorphene (6.15–8.18%), and carvacrol (4.71–6.64%), whereas the following compounds prevailed in the oil from M. incanum Desr.: germacrene D (28.75–32.14%), E-caryophyllene (23.18–29.57%), α-cadinol (13.59–20.84%), and carvacrol (2.08–7.47%).
Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) is a perennial plant of Mediterranean origin. The raw material is the herb (Hyssopi herba) that shows multidirectional medicinal activity. Essential oil is the main biologically active substance. The content of oil and its chemical composition determine the aroma of the raw material. The essential oil content changes during the period of plant growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative composition of hyssop oil depending on plant growth stage. Studies were conducted in the period 2007–2008 at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The hyssop herb was collected from plants at the following growth stages: vegetative stage (the middle of June), beginning of flowering (the middle of July), and full flowering (the middle of August). The herb was dried at a temperature of 30o C and then ground through 4–5 mm mesh sieves. Essential oil was obtained from the ground herb by steam distillation. The main components of hyssop oil were as follows: cis-pinocamphone, trans-pinocamphone (monoterpene ketones), E-pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbon), germacrene D (sesquiterpene hydrocarbon), and elemol (sesquiterpene alcohol). Transpinocamphone was predominant in the oil extracted from hyssop collected at the vegetative stage, but its content decreased with plant growth, while the content of cispinocamphone increased. The content of E-pinene was the highest in the oil extracted from hyssop cut at the vegetative stage and more than twice lower in the oil obtained from plants harvested at the beginning of flowering and at full flowering.
Herba Polonica
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2009
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tom 55
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nr 3
63-68
The studies were conducted in the years 2004–2008. The available Polish and foreign literature does not devote much attention to the problem of growing white horehound. The cropping of white horehound grown from sowing and seedling was assessed in the experiment, depending on the term when the plantation was established, harvest date and age of the plants. Air dry herb was analyzed in the laboratory, where the essential oil content was determined. On the basis of the studies, it was revealed that seed sowing date and herb harvest term affect white horehound plant cropping. Differences were also found in cropping between plants from one-year and two-year plantation
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