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A system that continuously monitors housing markets can be a highly efficient tool towards a functioning housing policy and as a basis for decisions of private market actors. Monitoring means to permanently combine, aggregate and process data from different sources in order to attain a reliable database, on which housing markets are analysed and future developments are estimated to assist housing market participants with a firm foundation to substantiate their actions. For a better illustration of the gains, requirements and functioning of monitoring systems, the example of the monitoring system of Dortmund, Germany, will be presented. On the outcomes of researching Dortmund's monitoring system, the chance of implementing and managing a monitoring system in Warsaw will be investigated. The article is based on the author's diploma thesis at the Faculty of Spatial Planning at the University of Dortmund, titled "A Monitoring System for Warsaw's Housing Market", written during a six-month lasting field study in Warsaw.
The therapy of iron poisoning requires different kinds of treatment. Gastric lavages and chelation therapy are routinely recommended in the management of the poisoned patient. It is always the best to use selective chelators that bind the excess iron in tissues. The most popular chelator is deferoxamine (DFO). It is used in parenteral therapy and brings relatively good results. Unfortunately, therapy with DFO also causes many adverse effects. Thus, many research institutes have concentrated on inventing new chelator-drugs. Consequently, there are currently some new medicines which give hope for better therapy of iron intoxication, e.g. NaHBED, ICL670. Besides specific treatment, it is always important to introduce a supportive therapy that corresponds to current symptoms.
Although iron deficiency anemia is the most common problem of dietary supplementation in some animals, effects of iron overdose on health are still neglected in veterinary medicine. Acute iron poisoning (usually with dramatic clinical signs) occurs primarily in dogs as a result of accidental ingestion of iron salts from medicines/pharmaceuticals intended for humans or ferrous lawn sands. Acute iron toxicosis also occurs in foals, calves and piglets after administration of iron compounds (e.g. Ferrodex) during the first days of life. The main reason for chronic iron poisoning is uncontrolled administration (usually without consultation with a veterinary surgeon) of different conditioners or pharmaceuticals enriched with iron compounds. This happens mostly in dogs and horses that receive a lot of nutrient supplements. Gastric lavages and chelation therapy with deferoxamine are routinely recommended in the management of poisoned patients.
The study was performed to evaluate range of the genotypie variation in drought susceptibility at juvenile growth stages among 23 old and modern winter cultivars of Triticum aestivum and one old cv. of T. spelta. Response of germinated seeds to mannitol-simulated drought stress as well as that in seedling shoot and root growth, water use and leaf transpiration under varied soil moisture were measured. Considerable genotypie variation for all morpho-physiological traits was found between wheat cultivars. There were significant differences between the older and modern cultivars. The former showed usually an enhanced rooting ability and higher water requirements, while the newer indicated more efficient water use. The older cultivars were more resistant to both iso-osmotic stress and low soil moisture at the juvenile growth stage. However, no clear differences were found between the two groups of cultivars in the variation range of the drought susceptibility indices. Complex patterns of the response to drought were observed. Cultivars, which distinguished by both a lower shoot : root ratio and a stronger drought-induced stimulative root growth, tended to be more resistant. Although only moderate the relationships noticed, a consideration of the root plasticity screening in local wheat breeding appears to be justified.
Usually practicing veterinarians and animal keepers have to deal with inadequate supplementation of copper which causes deficiency diseases. However, instead of curing, the consequential intake of copper is likely to cause copper intoxication. Copper poisoning is observed particularly frequently, in sheep - the most sensitive domestic animal to copper toxicity. In most cases, sheep undergo chronic exposure to copper causing liver necrosis and resulting in massive haemolysis, haemoglobinuria and eventually in renal failure. The observed symptoms have an acute character and a set of them is called haemolytic crisis. The pathogenesis, signs and diagnosis of this syndrome are described in this article.
The aim of this research was to study the possibilities of using papaverine as a reference substance to control the ability of isolated gastrointestinal (GI) tract strips to relax. The effects of papaverine hydrochloride (0.001-100 µM) dissolved in distilled water, or in DMSO (0.5%), on the mechanical activity of isolated rat GI strips (stomach fundus and corpus, duodenum and jejunum) were studied. The obtained results show that papaverine provoked various responses of the examined muscle strips dependent on the part of GI tract and papaverine solvents used (water or DMSO). Papaverine applied as water solution caused muscle relaxation of all investigated gastrointestinal strips: the lowest effective (induced relaxation) concentration of papaverine was 10 µM for gastric corpus, jejunum and duodenum and 100 µM for gastric fundus. However, there was no dependence between the concentration of papaverine and the degree of muscle relaxation of the studied GI strips. Moreover, in case of gastric fundus strips, papaverine applied as 0.5% DMSO solution provoked different muscle responses: in the presence of 0.1 and 1 µM papaverine contraction occurred; administering papaverine at higher concentrations (10 and 100 µM) resulted in relaxation. The obtained results clearly indicate that papaverine does not fulfil the criteria set for the reference substance and should not be used as an indicator for controlling of gastrointestinal tract muscle relaxation in vitro.
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