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INTRODUCTION: A large body of evidence suggests a connection between maternal infection during pregnancy and increased risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the child. One of the characteristic symptoms of ASD is deficits in communication. Rodent models of ASD include the administration of a synthetic double-stranded RNA, the polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) to the pregnant dam, that evokes an antiviral‑like immune reaction. Rat pups isolated from their mother emit calls within ultrasonic spectrum of ~40 kHz. AIM(S): In this study, we examined whether poly I:C pups presented an altered pattern of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) during the mother isolation test. METHOD(S): Pregnant Sprague-Dawley dams received an intraperitoneal injection of poly I:C (5 mg/kg) or vehicle on GD 15. The isolation of male and female offspring was performed on PND 6. RESULTS: We observed changes in the number of vocalisations and an altered structure of emitted calls. Poly I:C males emitted less calls than control animals. A similar change in females was not observed. Both male and female poly I:C pups emitted calls of lower call bandwidth and peak frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Such changes of the structure of emitted calls suggest an impairment of vocal communication in the poly I:C animals. A decrease in the number of emitted calls in poly I:C males may reflect the fact that the prevalence and severity of symptoms of ASD is higher in boys and it appears that this higher susceptibility of males is present also in the poly I:C model. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: This study was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant NCN 2016/23/B/NZ7/01131.
INTRODUCTION: The serotonergic system has been implicated in several CNS activities, including social behaviour. The serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) plays a key role in the regulation of serotonergic system functioning. Therefore, rats lacking SERT (SERT- /- ) represent a valuable model to study the consequences of constitutive increases in serotonin concentrations. In adult laboratory rats, two main types of ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) have been described: the low (22-kHz) and high (50‑kHz) frequency calls. The low, termed an “alarm” vocalization, has been associated with negative social experiences. The high may be detected in appetitive contexts, including social interactions. AIM(S): The goal of the current study was to examine male SERT- /- and SERT+ /+ rats in the social interaction test to investigate genotype differences in social behaviour and communication. METHOD(S): Two unfamiliar rats of matched body weight were placed in the open field arena, and their behaviour was recorded. Durations of the following behaviours were scored: social contact behaviour (including sniffing, anogenital sniffing, social grooming, and mounting/climbing) and following the partner. Additionally, USVs were measured during the social interaction tests. RESULTS: We report that SERT-/- rats spent significantly less time on social contact but demonstrated more of partner following behaviour as compared to SERT+ /+ rats. There were no effects of genotype on the number of 22-kHz and 50-kHz USVs emitted during social interaction. However, serotonin transporter deletion affected the distribution of sound categories in that SERT- /- rats demonstrated a decrease in the percentage of complex calls and an increase in the percentage of trill and step calls. CONCLUSIONS: The current study further supports the role of serotonin in the regulation of social and communicative behaviour. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: This study was supported by the grant ERA‑NET Neuron II JTC 2015 Respond.
The parameters of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, GPx, H₂O₂, GSH) and metals concentration were measured on a pollen-allergic sample (64 people) and the correlation between parameters were examined. There were no differences in parameters between pollenotics and control (35 people) except for the level of reduced glutathione which was statistically significant lower at pollenotics. There were no differences in the level of metals in blood or hair. The statistically significant correlation between Pb and SOD (r = 0.74 p = 0.000) at pollenotics suggests that environmental exposure to lead could stimulate the intensity of hay fever symptoms connected with free radicals processes.
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