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In conditions of turbulent global surroundings, business administration is becoming the managerial art of dealing with uncertainty. Elasticity, which also concerns the aspect of the organizational strategy, is the crucial factor of success of contemporary enterprises. Ensuring the strategic elasticity of the enterprise requires redefining the traditional conception of strategic managing. In the new conception, the importance of planning in many variants and emerging strategy are being stressed. The scenario planning is the method which serves the improvement of strategic elasticity of the enterprise and it was positively verified in practice. Work on scenarios requires leading strategic conversations on differentlevels of the organizational hierarchy in different functional cells. It helps to break barriers in communication and it directs the enterprise to organizational self-teaching. Organizational considerations of possible variants of the future enable earlier preparation of the organizational system for the change
This paper presents the results of inventory of the mope-headed cherry (Prunus ×eminens ‘Umbraculifera’) trees occurring in green areas of Poznań city, which was carried out in 2016. Totally, 227 trees, planted in the years 2011–2014 in nine stations, most often along street, were inventoried. The circumference of tree trunks amounted from 8 to 33 cm (mean 23.2 cm), the tree height amounted from 2.2 to 4.2 m (mean 3.4 m), and the crown diameter ranged from 0.46 to 4.0 m (mean 21.9 m).
The aim of the study was to determine the rate of mineralization of needles in a pine stand in relation to site and to microbiological conditions occurring on dune slopes of contrasting aspects. The research was conducted in the old−growth pine forest overgrowing a latitudinally located dune in the Bydgoska Forest (N Poland). On contrasting dune slopes (northern and southern) rate of mineralization of pine needles was investigated in the 2−years experiment (2012−2014) with the litterbag method. Besides, following investigations were conducted in the middle part of both slopes: 1. dynamics of soil moisture and soil temperature were measured at a depth of 3 cm for 18 days during the 2013 growing season (interval of 2 weeks was applied) and 2. populations of bacteria and fungi were determined for all subhorizons of organic soil horizon (Ol, Of, Oh) as well as for a mineral horizon (AEs) of both soils. Weight loss of needles was found to be higher on northern than on a southern slope what was consequently stated for all 4 terms of taking measurements (6, 12, 18 and 24 months after placement of litterbags). The discrepancy has increased with time and after 2 years it equaled 14.7% when the loss was 61.1% for northern and 46.4% for a southern slope. It could be surprising that such differences were found in spite a sunny slope was characterized by stated in a study higher soil temperature. It should have a stimulating effect on mineralization of organic material; however a soil located on a southern slope was also found as much drier. Thus, the periodic deficiency of soil moisture was indicated as a limiting factor for occurrence of both bacteria and fungi on a southern slope due to the numbers of both groups of microorganisms were much lower on the slope than on a northern aspect. Conditioned by more favourable site parameters, higher number of microbial population occurring on a shadow slope could explain higher rate of mineralization of needles stated for the slope aspect. The moisture factor can be of especially high significance for microbial occurrence and activity and thus for litter decomposition just in dry inland dune ecosystems. It was concluded that in relatively monotonous pine forests overgrowing dry and poor in nutrients soils of inland dunes the slope aspect is an agent significantly differentiating both site and soil microbial conditions.
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