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1

Antibiotic resistance among bacteria inhabiting surface and subsurface water layers in estuarine Lake Gardno

100%
Mudryk Z. J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2002
|
tom 11
|
nr 4
Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the surface and subsurface water of estuarine lake Gardno was determined. The levels of resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics differed considerably. Antibiotic resistance between neustonic and planktonic bacteria and microflora inhabiting different parts of lake Gardno was nearly identical. Besides gentamycin, no differences in the antibiotic resistance between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria were noted. Majorities of bacterial strains were characterised by resistance to 4-6 antibiotics. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was dependent on chemical structure.
2
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Physiological properties of bacteria inhabiting coastal lake surface and subsurface water layers

63%
Skorczewski P., Mudryk Z. J.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2005
|
tom 09
Results of the studies on the occurrence of bacteria displaying particular physiological properties in coastal Lake Gardno are presented. Most numerous groups among neustonic and planktonic bacteria studied were ammonifying and producing hydrogen sulphide from organic compounds strains. Nitrifying bacteria were not numerous among isolated strains. It was demonstrated that significant differences in the abundance of individual physiological groups bacteria existed in water layers, stations and seasons.
3

Different antibiotic resistance of neustonic and planktonic bacteria in a freshwater coastal lake: implication for strain selection

63%
Skorczewski P., Mudryk Z. J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2012
|
tom 60
|
nr 1
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria was observed in various aquatic environments including seas, rivers, lakes, coastal areas, surface water and sediments. The increased implementation of antibiotics into these environments through medical therapy, agriculture and animal husbandry has resulted in new selective pressures on natural bacterial aquatic populations. Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the surface microlayer and subsurface water of freshwater coastal polymictic and low-productive lake was studied. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the single disc diffusion method. The resistance level of bacteria to various antibiotics differed considerably. Bacteria were most resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin and penicillin. Majority of bacterial strains showed resistance to 4–6 out of 18 antibiotics tested. As a rule, neustonic bacteria (antibiotic resistance index, ARI 0.44) were more resistant to the studied antibiotics than planktonic bacteria (ARI 0.32). 70–90% of neustonic bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin, 60– 70% of planktonic bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and penicillin. Differences between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria in their resistance to the tested antibiotics were observed. Above 40% of achromogenic bacterial strains were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin and penicillin. Among bacterial strains characterised by their ability to synthesize carotenoids, more than 30% was resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Bacterial resistance level to antibiotics depended on their chemical structure. Bacteria isolated from study lake were most resistant to quinolones and lincosamides while they were most susceptible to tetracyclines and aminoglycosides. Results presented in this paper indicate that antibiotics are a significant selection factor and probably play an important role in regulating the composition of bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystems. Adaptive responses of bacterial communities to several antibiotics observed in the present study may have possible implications for the public health.
4
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Abundance, production and respiration of bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton in the coastal lake Dolgie Wielkie

63%
Zdanowicz M., Mudryk Z. J.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2017
|
tom 21
The paper presents the results of the study of abundance, production and respiration in surface layers and subsurface water in the coastal lake Dołgie Wielkie. Indicate that the total numbers of neustonic bacteria were higher than planktonic bacteria. The level of production and respiration rate were higher in the subsurface water than in surface layers. Bacterial abundance, production and respiration rate were changing with seasons.
5
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Abundance of live and dead cells of bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton from the Slupia River estuary

63%
Perlinski P., Mudryk Z. J.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2017
|
tom 21
The study was carried out in the estuarine part of the Słupia River, which, for the most part, comprises the harbour channel. The results of the present study showed that the total abundance of bacterioneuston was higher compared to bacterioplankton. In these two groups of bacteria, dead bacterial cells were dominant. The total number of bacteria, as well as the number of live and dead bacteria was similar in the entire horizontal profile. The abundance of live and dead bacteria showed distinct seasonal variation.
6

Culturable proteolytic bacteria and the activity of leucine aminopeptidase in river ecosystem

63%
Skorczewski P., Mudryk Z. J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 3
561-565
The study determined the numbers and distribution of culturable heterotrophic and proteolytic bacteria and the level of leucine aminopeptidase activity in the water of the Słupia River within the town of Słupsk (Northern Poland). River Słupia is 138.6 km long and flowing into the Baltic Sea. The average water discharge of the river is 15.5 m³ s⁻¹ and its slope is about 1.3% which gives it a mountainous character. The numbers of culturable heterotrophic bacteria was determined on iron-peptone agar (IPA) medium and the numbers of culturable proteolytic bacteria was assayed in IPA medium enriched with gelatin. Potential leucine aminopeptidase activity was carried out with the use of fluorescently labelled model substrate MCA-leucine. The numbers of heterotrophic bacteria ranged between 0.33 to 183.0  10³ cells cm⁻³ (maximum in spring, minimum in winter); the abundance of culturable proteolytic bacteria ranged 0.50 to 31.8  10³ cells cm⁻³ and the maximum was noted in spring, the lowest in summer. The activity of extracellular leucine aminopeptidase ranged from 2.34 to 6.87 μM MCA dm⁻³ h⁻¹ and the highest value was noted in spring while the lowest were noted in winter and summer. The values of bacteriological parameters and of leucine aminopepidase activity tended to be higher below the sewage treatment plant. The bacteriological parameters for River Słupia were compared with the relevant data for other river ecosystems.
7
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Scanning electron microscopy investigation of bacterial colonization of marine beach sand grains

63%
Mudryk Z. J., Podgorska B.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2006
|
tom 10
Scanning electron microscopy was employed for the investigation of bacteria living on sand grains in a sandy marine beach in the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic Sea). Bacteria colonize the sand grains; individual topography and shape of the grains were decisive for the colonization. Grains of diverse topography characterised by a great irregularity of shape were preferred, and protected surface sites were favoured. Many of the attached bacteria were found to produce polymer secretions; entire colonies attached by means of polymer nets were observed. A significant morphological diversity of bacteria in the vertical profile of the beach was determined. Bacteria inhabiting the sand grains showed the ability to reproduces.
8

Culturable microorganisms in sandy beaches in South Baltic Sea

63%
Mudryk Z. J., Podgorska B.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
The abundance of culturable heterotrophic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes) and their spatial and vertical variability were studied in marine-bay (“Sopot”) and open-sea (“Czołpino”) sandy beaches (southern Baltic Sea). Among studied microorganisms, halotolerant (13.4 – 308.4 × 10³ CFU g⁻¹ dry wt. of sand) and limnotolerant (7.4 – 69.2 × 10³ CFU g⁻¹ dry wt. of sand) bacteria predominated in the sand of both beaches. Filamentous fungi, yeasts, and actinomycetes constituted only a slight percentage (0.2–3.0%) of all isolated heterotrophic microorganisms. The numbers of all studied microorganisms were much higher on marine-bay beach characterized by a high level of accumulation of organic matter (4.1 mg g⁻¹ dry wt. of sand) than in the sand of the open-sea beach, where the content of organic matter was lower (1.9 mg g⁻¹ dry wt. of sand). There were marked differences in the horizonatal profile distribution of heterotrophic microorganisms inhabiting marine-bay and open-sea beaches. In both studied beaches higher numbers of microorganisms were determined in the surface (0–5 cm) than in subsurface (5–10cm) sand layer.
9

Enzymatic activity and degradation of organic macromolecules by neustonic and planktonic bacteria in an estuarine lake

63%
Mudryk Z. J., Skorczewski P.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2006
|
tom 54
|
nr 1
Neustonic (film layer ~ 90 µm, surface layer ~ 240 µm) and planktonic bacteria (subsurface layer ~ 10–15 cm) participating in the processes of decomposition of organic macromolecular compounds, and their potential capability to synthesise extracellular enzymes were studied in a shallow estuarine lake (Lake Gardno – Baltic coast). The studied bacteria were capable of decomposing a wide spectrum of organic macromolecular compounds. Most bacteria inhabiting surface and subsurface water layers hydrolysed lipids, proteins and DNA. The microflora hydrolysing cellulose was represented by the least abundant group of organisms. Of the studied enzymes, alkaline and acid phosphatases, leucine arylaminase, esterase, and esterase lipase were synthesised most actively while β-glucouronidase (βGl) and α-fucosidase (αFu) were synthesized least actively. It can be clearly seen that enzymatic activity was stratified, and there were differences between studied water layers. Bacterial strains isolated from surface and subsurface layers were more active in synthesizing extracellular enzymes than bacteria inhabiting the film layer. Bacteria isolated from various parts of Lake Gardno synthesized the tested hydrolytic enzymes with a similar intensity.
10

Interaction of estuarine bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton with elevated mercury concentrations

63%
Mudryk Z. J., Dwulit M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 3
The effect of different concentrations of mercury on the number and respiratory activity of neustonic and planktonic bacteria derived from estuarine Lake Gardno (Baltic Coast, Poland) was studied. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that mercuric ions (Hg²⁺) exhibited toxic effects on abundance and oxygen uptake of neustonic and planktonic bacteria. Bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton showed different responses to the mercuric ions. The neustonic bacteria showed higher levels of tolerance to various concentrations of Hg (10–15 mg dm⁻³) in the culture medium than the planktonic ones (<10 mg dm⁻³). It was found out that the bacteria isolated from freshwater zone of Lake Gardno were more tolerant to the increasing concentration of mercury ions (10–20 mg dm⁻³) than bacteria isolated from the seawater and mixed zones of lakes. Non-pigmented bacteria from all layers and zones were more torelant to the higher Hg²⁺ concentrations than pigmented ones. High concentrations (above 8 µg cm⁻³) of mercury chloride in the respiratory substrate blocked completely oxygen uptake by neustonic and planktonic bacteria.
11

Generic composition and respiratory activity of heterotrophic bacteria of marine sandy beach [Southern Baltic Sea]

63%
Mudryk Z. J., Podgorska B.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2005
|
tom 53
|
nr 1
In the bacterial community occurring in a sandy marine beach (region of the Gdańsk Gulf, Southern Baltic Sea), bacteria of the genera Acinetobacter and Microoccocus predominated among 230 isolated strains. Bacteria strains of the genera Alteromonas, Bacillus, Cytophaga, Erwinia and Prostheocomicrobium contributed in a small percent. The measurements of respiratory activity revealed that casein hydrolyzate was the most actively metabolised respiratory substrate while sodium pyruvate and cellobiose were oxidised less actively. The intensity of utilization of respiratory substrates by bacteria in the whole perpendicular profile of the beach was alike. They were more intensive in the surface (0–1 cm) than in the subsurface (5–10 cm) sand layers.
12

Enzymatic activity of bacterial strains isolated from marine beach sediments

63%
Mudryk Z. J., Podgorska B.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2006
|
tom 15
|
nr 3
Potential capability of heterotrophic bacteria for extracellular enzyme synthesis and their activity were determined in a transect from dunes to a water depth of 1 m in a sandy beach near Sopot on the southern Baltic coast. Among studied enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase, and leucine arylaminase were synthesized in a higher degree, whereas α-fucosidase, βglucouronidase and α-galactosidase had only low levels. No clear horizontal gradients were observed in the transect from dune to water. The enzyme activities of bacteria isolated from the surface and subsurface did not differ in their height and composition. Bacteria isolated form the sand of studied beach in different seasons, as a rule, synthesized the tested hydrolytic enzymes with similar intensity.
13

Physiological properties of bacteria inhabiting polluted and unpolluted marine sandy beaches [Southern Baltic Sea]

63%
Podgorska B., Mudryk Z. J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
The occurrence of bacteria displaying particular physiological properties was studied in polluted (Sopot) and unpolluted (Czołpino) marine sandy beaches (southern Baltic Sea). All eight isolated physiological groups of bacteria were much more numerous in polluted than in unpolluted beach. In polluted beach, bacteria hydrolyzing uric acid (32.5 cells 103 g–1 dry w. of sand) and ammonifying bacteria (32.3 cells 103 g–1 dry w. of sand) were the most numerous, while nitrifying bacteria were the least numerous (0.014 cells 103 g–1 dry w. of sand). In unpolluted beach, bacteria hydrolyzing uric acid (0.66 cells 103 g–1 dry w. of sand) and reducing methylene blue (0.18 cells 103 g–1 dry w. of sand) were the most numerous, while no bacteria producing hydrogen sulphide from organic compounds or bacteria decomposing urea were isolated. In both beaches, considerable differentiation in the distribution of physiological groups of bacteria was found in a horizontal profile i.e. from the waterline to the middle of beach (~60 m). Data concerning horizontal distribution of the physiological groups of bacteria in the sand of the polluted beach show that the majority of those groups was most numerous in the dune. No clear regularity in the distribution of physiological groups of bacteria was found in the horizontal profile of the unpolluted beach. Results of the present study indicate differences in the distribution of the physiological groups of bacteria in the surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–10 cm) sand layers. Generally, in both studied beaches all physiological groups of bacteria were much more numerous in the surface than in the subsurface sand layer. The exception were bacteria reducing sulphates which in the polluted beach were most numerous at the depth of 5–10 cm.
14

Spatial variability in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes in a marine beach [Southern Baltic Sea]

63%
Mudryk Z. J., Podgorska B.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2005
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
Potential activity of hydrolytic microbial extracellular enzymes were determined in a sandy beach in Sopot, (Southern Baltic Sea) in July 2001. Among of the five monitored enzymes, the highest level of activity (314.28 nM MCA g⁻¹d.w. h⁻¹) was determined in the aminopeptidase whereas chitinase had the lowest level (0.50 nM MUF g⁻¹d.w. h⁻¹) of potential activity. Usually, the ranking of the activity rates of the assayed enzymes was following: aminopeptidase > lipase > β-glucosidase > α-glucosidase > chitinase. Clear gradients in the level of enzymatic activity were determined in horizontal profile of the beach. The maximum activity of studied enzymes was recorded in sand collected under seawater and at the waterline.
15

Abundance and production of bacteria in a marine beach [Southern Baltic Sea]

51%
Podgorska B., Mudryk Z. J., Skorczewski P.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2008
|
tom 56
|
nr 3
405-414
The paper presents the results of the study of abundance, biomass, mean cell volume and secondary production of bacteria inhabiting a marine-bay sandy beach, at southern Baltic Sea coast (Sopot) in summer season. The differences of bacteriological parameters among sites across beach horizontal profile were determined. Maximal value of the total bacteria numbers (8.59 ± 0.73 × 10⁷ cells g⁻¹ dw), biomass (15.2 ± 4.4 μg C g⁻¹ dw) and cell volume of bacterium (0.056 ± 0.011 μm³) was noted at the waterline and bacterial secondary production was highest in the dune (172.3 ± 86.6 μg C g⁻¹ dw d⁻¹) and at the waterline (119.9 ± 40.5 μg C g ⁻¹ dw d⁻¹). Marked differences in the level of bacteriological parameters between surface and subsurface sand layers were estimated. In the sea, at the waterline and in the middle of the beach higher numbers of bacteria, their biomass and secondary production were found in the surface (0–1 cm) than in the subsurface (5–10 cm) sand layers. A reverse situation was observed in the dune.
16
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Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas spp. isolated from seawater and sand of marine recreation beach in the southern Baltic Sea

51%
Mudryk Z. J., Perlinski P., Gackowska J.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2015
|
tom 19
Antibiotic resistance of genus Aeromonas spp. isolated from seawater and sand of marine recreation beach located on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea was studied. The results of the present study showed that planktonic and benthic Aeromonas spp. inhabiting sand and seawater of the studied beach strongly differed in the resistance level to tested antibiotics. These microorganisms were the most resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin and penicillin. All planktonic and benthic Aeromonas spp. strains were susceptible to neomycin and streptomycin. Bacteria inhabiting the dune were more antibiotic-resistant than bacteria isolated from other zones of the studied beach. The majority of bacteria inhabiting seawater and sand of the studied beach were resistant to 4-5 antibiotics of the 12 antibiotics tested. Planktonic and benthic Aeromonas spp. isolated from the Ustka beach were the most resistant to β-lactam and lincosamide antibiotics, while the most susceptible to aminoglycosides.
17
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Bacterial utilization of amino acids and carbohydrates in a marine beach

51%
Mudryk Z. J., Podgorska B., Dwulit M.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2005
|
tom 09
Utilization of various amino acids and carbohydrates by heterotrophic bacteria isolated from a sandy beach in Sopot, Poland, southern Baltic Sea coast, was determined. The most intensive growth of bacteria was observed in the presence of amino acids, while carbohydrates were utilized less actively. Differences in the utilization of individual amino acids and carbohydrates by bacteria have been determined. The highest capability to assimilate amino acids and carbohydrates was observed in bacterial strains isolated from the middle part of the studied beach. No major differences were determined in the intensity of assimilation of the tested compounds by bacteria isolated from the surface and subsurface sand layers. Bacterial utilization of amino acids and carbohydrates depended on the chemical structure of those compounds.
18
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Antibiotic resistance of fecal coliform bacteria inhabiting sea water and sand of marine recreation beach in the southern Baltic Sea

51%
Mudryk Z. J., Perlinski P., Robak D.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2016
|
tom 20
The results of the present study showed variability in resistance of FC bacteria isolated from beach sand and sea water against tested antibiotics. Enteric bacteria were the most resistant to clindamycin and penicillin while the most sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, neomycin, rifampicin and streptomycin. Fecal coliform bacteria inhabiting sand were more resistant to nearly all tested antibiotics compared to bacteria isolated from sea water. The majority of bacteria inhabiting sea water and sand of the studied beach were resistant to only 1-4 antibiotics out of the 12 antibiotics tested. Fecal coliform bacteria isolated from Ustka beach were the most resistant to β-lactam and lincosamide antibiotics, while the most susceptible to aminoglycosides.
19

Measurement of heavy metal concentrations and microbiological parameters in the surface microlayer of a downtown pond

51%
Antonowicz J. P., Mudryk Z. J., Perlinski P., Kubiak J.
International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology
|
2017
|
tom 17
|
nr 4
20
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Decomposition of organic macromolecular compounds by heterotrophic bacteria inhabiting surface microlayer, subsurface water and sediment-water interface in the marine harbor channel

51%
Perlinski P., Mudryk Z. J., Zdanowicz M.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2018
|
tom 22
Potential capability of heterotrophic bacteria to hydrolytic degradation different organic macromolecules in three water layers in the marine channel were determined. In studied channel hydrolysed proteins and lipids. The heterotrophic microflora decomposition chitin were represented by the least abundant group of these organisms. The highest number of bacteria hydrolyzing tested organic macromolecules isolated from surface microlayer. It was demonstrated that no significant differences in number of bacteria decomposition studied organic compounds existed between different parts of harbour. Bacteria isolated from the water studied channel in different seasons hydrolyzing organic macromolecules with different intensity.
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