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1

Control of pulse beetle, Callosubruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in different cereals using spinosad dust in storage conditions

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Khashaveh A., Ziaee M., Safaralizadeh M. H.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2011
|
tom 51
|
nr 1
Effectiveness of spinosad dust formulation, that contains 0.125% spinosad, was evaluated against adults Callosubruchus maculatus (F.) on four commodities: chickpea, split pea, cowpea and lentil. Spinosad was applied at three dose rates: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g/kg, corresponding to 0.125, 0.25 and 0.375 mg/kg of the active ingredient, respectively. The experiment was carried out at 27°C and 55±5% relative humidity. Adults mortality was measured after 1, 2, 5 and 10-days of exposure. After the 10-day mortality count, all surviving insects were removed and samples retained under the same conditions for a further 35 days to assess progeny reduction. Mortality of exposed individuals in all treated commodities was low at 1-day exposure even at 0.3 g/kg and did not exceed 20%. As expected, mortality increased with the increase of exposure interval and dose rates. A significant difference was observed among the four commodities. After 10 days of exposure, mortality reached 100% in all commodities except for split pea. The application of spinosad significantly reduced progeny production in four commodities tested in comparison with the untreated ones. High reduction in progeny production was recorded when spinosad was applied at the rate of 0.3 g/kg on split pea and cowpea (94.33 and 94.21%, respectively). The results of our study clearly revealed that spinosad dust could be successfully used as a grain protectant against C. maculatus. Further experimentations still need to be done to examine higher dose rates and long-term use in different commodities.
2

Studies on the efficacy of Silicosec against Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. and Tribolium castaneum Herbst using two bioassay methods

100%
Mohitazar G., Safaralizadeh M. H., Pourmirza A. A., Azimi M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
|
tom 49
|
nr 3
330-334
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Silicosec by using contact and oral bioassay methods on survival of 1-7 days old adults of Oryzaeohilus surinamensis (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at 27±2°C and 65±5% RH. For contact method adult of these species were exposed to five doses of Silicosec for 3 days on plastic Petri dishes while in the case of oral bioassay technique the species were exposed to maize treated with five doses of Silicosec in small glass vials for 10 days. After exposure the initial mortality was recorded. For O. surinamensis in oral and contact methods 99% mortality was achieved at 8 333 ppm after 10 days and 165 ppm after 3 days, respectively, for T. castaneum 75% mortality achieved at 25 000 ppm after 10 days and 165 ppm after 3 days in the same order. For the oral method LC50 values for O. surinamensis and T. castaneum were 50 and 133 ppm, respectively after 10 days, while for the contact method these criteria were 8 and 57 ppm, respectively after 3 days. The results revealed that Silicosec with contact method could have more deleterious effect compared to the other method, and O. surinamensis was more susceptible to Silicosec than T. castaneum in either bioassay methods.
3

Fumigant toxicity of Lavandula stoechas L. oil against three insect pests attacking stored products

100%
Ebadollahi A., Safaralizadeh M. H., Pourmirza A. A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 1
56-60
Plant secondary metabolites play an important role in plant-insect interactions and therefore such compounds may have insecticidal activity against insects. The chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves and flowers of Lavandula stoechas grown in Kashan, Iran, was studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 1,8-Cineole (7.02%), γ-Cadinene (5.33%), T-Cadinol (5.07%), p-Mentha-1-en-8-ol (5.02%) and Caryophyllene (5.01%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. In fumigant toxicity tests with the essential oil against adults of Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Lasioderma serricorne F. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. at 27±1°C and 60±5% RH, it was observed that L. serricorne (LC50 = 3.835 μl/l) were significantly more susceptible than R. dominica (LC50 = 5.66 μl/l) and T. castaneum (LC50 = 39.685 μl/l) 24 h after treatment. In all cases, considerable differences in mortality of insects to essential oil vapor were observed with different concentrations and times. Mortality increased as the doses of essential oils and exposure period increased and after 72 h fumigations, greatest percentages of mortality were obtained. The findings indicate the strong insecticidal activity of L. stoechas oil and it may be used in grain storage against insects L. serricorne, R. dominica and T. castaneum.
4

Toxicity of essential oil of Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze to Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. and Lasioderma serricorne F.

100%
Ebadollahi A., Safaralizadeh M. H., Pourmirza A. A., Gheibi S. A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 2
215-219
The essential oil of aerial parts of Agastache foeniculum (Lamiaceae) was isolated by hydrodistillation method and constituents of oil were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Methyl chavicol, 1,8-cineole, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone and germacrene D the predominant components of oil. Methyl chavicol (94.003%) was identified as a major component in the oil. Essential oil was tested for toxicity against adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. and Lasioderma serricorne F. The influence of different concentrations of the essential oil vapours on adult mortality was significant. Data of probit analysis showed that a lethal concentration of the essential oil to kill 50% of the population (LC50) for adults of O. surinamensis and L. serricorne were 18.781 and 21.565 μl/l respectively. O. surinamensis was more susceptible than L. serricorne at the exposure time 24 h. The results demonstrated that mortality increased with the increase in concentration and exposure time. These results showed that the essential oil from A. foeniculum could be applicable the management of population of stored-product beetle pest.
5

Parasitoid complex of cabbage large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Urmia with new records from Iran

100%
Razmi M., Karimpour Y., Safaralizadeh M. H., Safavi S. A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2011
|
tom 51
|
nr 3
Surveys for parasitoids attacking larvae and pupae of Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) were conducted in the Brassica agro-ecosystem in the Urmia region, northwest of Iran, between 2008 and 2009. Parasitized hosts were collected from infested plants placed in Brassica crops during the growing season (June-October), and from the natural P. brassicae population on the common weeds Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae), Crambe orientalis L. (Brassicaceae) and Raphanus raphanistrum L. (Brassicaceae) during the summer production break (December). Ten species of primary parasitoids - Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Hym., Braconidae), Brachymeria femorata Panzer (Hym.: Chalcididae), Aprostocetus taxi Graham (Hym.: Eulophidae), Agrothereutes adustus Grav., Blapsidotes vicinus Grav., Hyposoter clauses Brischke (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), Pteromalus puparum (L.) (Hym.: Pteromalidae) and Exorista larvarum (L.), Exorista segregata Rondan, Phryxe vulgaris Fallén (Dip.: Tachinidae) were identified. The most numerous were P. puparum (with 49.65% in 2008 and 46.13% in 2009) and C. glomerata (with 43.45% and 45.57% in 2008 and 2009, respectively). The following species: A. adustus, A. taxi, B. vicinus, B. femorata, H. clauses and P. vulgaris, were newly recorded for the Iranian fauna. With the exception of B. femorata and P. vulgaris, all of the above mentioned species were recorded for the first time as parasitoid on P. brassicae from Iran.
6

Lethal effects of Spinosad on Chrysoperla carnea larvae [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] under laboratory conditions

88%
Maroufpoor M., Safaralizadeh M. H., Pourmirza A. A., Allahvaisy S., Ghasemzadeh S.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 2
179-183
The use of selective insecticides could improve conservation of natural enemies and therefore contribute to the success of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. In this study, the toxicity of one selective insecticide, Spinosad to common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens was evaluated. Several stages of C. carnea larvae were exposed to Spinosad under laboratory conditions. The used quantities of Spinosad were less than the maximum recommended rate given on the product label. In contact bioassay tests, a direct relationship was detected between the concentration of Spinosad and mortality rate of first instar larvae. So that, the employing of 250 and 2 500 ppm of Spinosad caused 33 and 67 per cent mortality, respectively. Mortality rate was recorded 1-3 day post treatment. In implementation of 250 ppm of Spinosad on second and third instar larvae showed negligible mortality rate after 3 days whereas the first instars larvae suffered 33 per cent mortality. On the basis of collected data we could conclude that Spinosad is not to be considered to have an environmental safety profile on C. carnea similarly to well established biological insecticides.
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