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Phytosulfokines (PSK) are peptidyl growth factors with the potential of inducing cell proliferation. We examined the effect of supplementation of liquid culture medium with 0.1 μM phytosulfokine-α (PSK-α) on protoplast viability and division frequencies in seven accessions of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., including cultivars and breeding lines. Protoplasts were isolated from leaves and hypocotyls of in vitro grown plants and immobilized in calcium-alginate layers. Cabbage protoplast-derived cells cultured in medium supplemented with 0.1 μM of PSK-α had higher viability and division frequencies compared to cells cultured in PSK-α-free control medium. The effect of PSK-α was more pronounced in low-responding accessions (‘Sława z Gołębiewa’, ‘Ramkila F1’, LM, and LM98); however, in two cultivars with very low response (‘Badger Shipper’ and ‘Oregon 123’), although the division frequencies in the media supplemented with PSK-α were increased over the control, the differences were not significant. Obtained callus colonies were subjected to regeneration. PSK-α supplemented into the liquid culture medium had an indirect effect on shoot regeneration by inducing sustained cell divisions leading to an increase in shoot regeneration in Sława z Gołębiewa and both breeding lines.
Crossing experiments within the genus Allium have been carried out for many years. Usually, with the aim of widening genetic variation, edible Alliaceae such as bulb onion, Japanese bunching onion, leek, garlic and shallot have been crossed with each other or with distant vegetable Allium crops. Interspecific hybridization, especially with wild relatives is considered as the best way of introgression desirable traits to the crops. By using sexual or somatic hybridization, many important characters, such as: disease and pest resistance, important metabolites and cytoplasmic male sterility have been transferred to other Allium crops. This review summarises some aspects of the directions of interspecific hybridization in edible Alliaceae and the significance and perspectives of using these hybrids in breeding programmes.
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