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The aim of the study was to evaluate a method of animal by-product disposal based on a significant increase in pH caused by the addition of quicklime. Three different doses of CaO were tested - 10%, 20%, or 25% (expressed in dry matter). The inactivation rate of indicator bacteria - Escherichia coli and faecal streptococci was the main criterion of the estimation of the process efficiency. The maximum temperature value generated inside the biomass of the 25% share of lime was 37.7°C. Addition of each CaO dose caused an increase in pH over 12. Application of the highest amount of CaO (25%) resulted in an inactivation of coliform rods within 3 h. Under similar conditions, faecal streptococci survived more than 4 h. A dose of 10% caused a rapid decline of E. coli in meat for 6 h. Streptococci were still isolated from the same samples after 24 h of liming.
Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena skuteczności funkcjonowania dwóch różnych technologii kompostowania osadów ściekowych w oparciu o tempo inaktywacji wprowadzanych do pryzm pałeczek z rodzaju Salmonella. W obiekcie A, gdzie kompostowaną biomasę napowietrzano przez przerzucanie, badane drobnoustroje ginęły w ciągu 6 tygodni. W kompostowni B, stosującej wymuszony system napowietrzania pryzm, ich przeżywalność wahała się od 149 do 301 dni. Uzyskane rezultaty dowodzą bardzo niskiej skuteczności higienizacyjnej technologii kompostowania wykorzystywanej w obiekcie B, spowodowanej prawdopodobnie brakiem fazy termofilnej w poddanych procesom utylizacji pryzmach.
The aim of the investigation was to study the inactivation of selected bacteria and parasite ova in sludge treated with 5, 10 and 20% of CaO. The elimination rate of pathogens varied and depended on lime doses. When sludge was treated with 20% CaO all Ascaris eggs were destroyed after 6 hours, and, additionally, bacterial pathogens after 0.5-1 hour. The hygienization of sludge with 5 and 10% CaO was inefficient because only 6-9% of A.suum eggs were destroyed during the 24 hour period; most bacterial pathogens, however, were eliminated. Only sludge treated with 20% CaO and stored for 24 hours may be used for agricultural purposes
Indicator bacteria of the genera Escherichia, Salmonella, and Streptococcus were introduced into the biomass animal by-products composted in a bioreactor. Two different carriers were used - meat carriers (pieces of meat placed in the wire mesh) and plexiglass carriers (tubes filled with minced meat). The inactivation rate of the tested bacteria was the main criterion of the sanitary effectiveness of the composting process. Two experimental cycles were conducted. A high efficiency of the composting process during the first cycle, where temperature reached 68°C and all indicator microorganisms were eliminated within 30 h, was demonstrated. After 161 h of the second cycle, the inactivation of the tested bacteria proceeded much slower and their theoretical survival ranged from 236 to over 1,000 h.
The purpose of the research was to estimate the influence of lactic acid bacteria on pathogenic bacteria of Salmonella Senftenberg W775. The method of co-cultures was applied in order to examine the interaction between the investigated microorganisms. The results obtained indicate that 3 LAB strains (numbers 2, 3, 4) isolated from fermented plant material indicated high antibacterial activity against Salmonella rods. The growth of the pathogen in associated cultures was completely inhibited in 48 hours. The theoretical survival of Salmonella incubated in the presence of Lactobacillus plantarum was significantly longer and amounted to 132 hours. None of the LAB strains examined was influenced by Salmonella rods.
Among many methods for food decontamination, high hopes are associated with nonthermal, low-pressure plasma technology. This study aimed to estimate the survival rate of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Senftenberg W775 and Enterococcus faecalis exposed to the action of plasma for the time from 0 to 800 s. As carriers there were used the laurel leaves. An analogous experiment was performed with the use of UV-C radiation. The results show that the plasma technology is more effective in bacteria reduction than ultraviolet radiation. The cells of E. coli, were the most susceptible to the action of nonthermal plasma and their numbers after 800s decreased by 7 log, after the same time the amount of enterococci decreased by about 6 log. Salmonella cells were characterized by a very high resistance to low-pressure plasma. Results of this study show that the plasma technology should be used for a longer time and in a higher dose to guarantee the full decontamination of food
W pracy zbadano stopień aktywności enzymów pektynolitycznych, celulolitycznych, amylolitycznych i proteolitycznych, a także zdolność do uruchamiania nierozpuszczalnych fosforanów przez fluoryzujące pałeczki z rodzaju Pseudomonas. Bakterie wyizolowano z ryzoplany lnu włóknistego, uprawianego w systemie zmianowania i monokultury. Żaden z izolatów nie wykazywał aktywności enzymatycznej wobec celulozy, natomiast pozostałe wielocukry hydrolizowane były przez wszystkie izolaty. Bakterie były najbardziej aktywne wobec białka. Oceniono również ich właściwości antagonistyczne względem wybranych patogenów grzybowych wyizolowanych z tego samego środowiska. Wszystkie z nich, chociaż w różnym stopniu, hamowały rozwój grzybów.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acidification and heat on the survival of Clostridium spores in third category animal by-products. Poultry minced meat and minced fish waste, contaminated with Clostridium sporogenes IW 1306 spore suspension, were subjected to the combined action of formic acid and high temperature of different values. To assess the efficiency of examined hygienization method, the spore number in biomass samples after acidification and heat treatment was estimated. For this purpose a 10-fold dilution series in peptone water was prepared and heat-treated at 80°C for 10 min. After cooling-down, one milliliter of each dilution was pour-plated onto DRCM medium solidified with agar. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistica software. The results of the microbiological analysis show that lowering the pH to about 4 results in increasing the sensitivity of Clostridium sporogenes spores to a high – but not exceeding 100°C – temperature. The fastest inactivation of spores occurred after heating the acidified biomass at a temperature of 90°C. In the case of meat the 48-hour exposure to formic acid allowed the thermal inactivation of the spores within 15 minutes. The investigated method of hygienization may guarantee not only the inhibition of spores germination, but also enables their total elimination, reducing the epidemiological risk related to animal by-products handling.
Slurry, due to high microbiological contamination, requires hygienization before spreading. The agricultural usage of treated slurry has to guarantee biosafety. Therefore, constant monitoring of the slurry treatment process should be conducted. The use of Filter-Sandwich carriers seems to be a prospective solution. The aim of the research was to test whether Filter-Sandwich carriers influence the survivability of microorganisms during the slurry hygienization process and hence, whether they are safe for the environment. Raw cattle and swine slurry with different dry matter content was the research material. Salmonella Senftenberg W775 rods were introduced directly into the slurry and into the carriers placed in the liquid excrements stored at 4 and 20 °C, and underwent anaerobic digestion at 35 °C. The number of tested bacteria obtained from the slurry and carriers was determined using the MPN method with proper microbiological media. The values of physicochemical parameters of the raw and treated slurry were determined, both for the carriers and for slurry only. Biosafety control was also conducted for the carriers in slurry containers. The differences in the theoretical survivability between Salmonella Senftenberg W775 re-isolated from the slurry and the carriers, and in the values of the selected physicochemical parameters obtained at the end of the process, were not statistically significant. The re-contamination of the sterile slurry caused by the bacteria in the carrier was not observed after placement of the carrier with inoculated material. The conducted research proves the usefulness of Filter-Sandwich carriers for continuous hygienization monitoring of the slurry treatment process. This refers not only to the semi-technical scale, but also to the full-scale process.
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