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The aim of the presented study was to assess the applicability of capsaicin as a synergist for organophosphate insecticide against the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). We recorded the death rate, behavioral thermoregulation and metabolic rate of the examined insects after intoxication with capsaicin and organophosphate pesticide. The results obtained showed that the tested substances changed the thermal preferences of the potato beetle, causing the beetles to prefer a decrease in temperature in the thermal gradient system. We also observed an increase in the metabolic rate of the beetles intoxicated with capsaicin and organophosphate insecticide. The addition of capsaicin in a concentration of 10-7 M (dissolved in alcohol) to insecticide resulted in an increase in the death rate of the insects by 24% in 35°C and 73% in 15°C, in comparison to organophosphate alone. Our results show that capsaicin in low concentrations may be an efficient synergist for organophosphate insecticides against the Colorado potato beetle.
Pesticide formulations contain solvents and compounds that improve dispersion and absorption. One of the solvents employed in pesticide concentrates is xylene, an aromatic hydrocarbon widely used in paints, lacquers, or glues. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible toxic effect of xylene on the giant cave cockroach Blaberus giganteus L. and its role in insecticide formulation toxicity. Different biochemical parameters were determined in cockroaches treated with xylene or pyrethroid formulation, in which xylene is used as a solvent. Xylene induced changes in sugar content and the level of lipid peroxidation similar to changes elicited by treatment with insecticide formulation. The present study shows that xylene induces organismal toxicity in Blaberus giganteus and should not be regarded as a carrier solvent with little biological activity. Since pesticides are always used with adjuvants that can change their toxicity, pesticide formulations should be studied as mixtures for toxic effect.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebral deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. However, these neuropathological changes are final symptoms and the earliest manifestation of pathological changes is an increase in the level of cellular oxidation caused by free radicals. As our environment is abundant in factors promoting this process, the paper presents the facts concerning the relations between air (i.e. smog and pesticides) and soil pollution (i.e. pesticides) and AD prevalence.
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