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Investigations were conducted in 2007–2009 on two permanent meadows, included in the Agri–Environmental Programme for the years 2007–2013 with dominating meadow foxtail localised in Skrzeszowice and a meadow with dominating common velvet grass in Komorniki. Both localities are situated near Krakow. The investigations were conducted to determine fodder value of hay from extensively used Alopecuretum pratensis and Holcetum lanati communities on the basis of yielding and basic chemical composition (contents of crude ash, total protein, crude fat, nitrogen–free extracts, crude protein and fibre fraction share). The presence of 25 species was noted in the Alopecuretum pratensis meadow sward, whereas 32 species were identified in Holcetum lanati community. Total dry mass yields from Alopecuretum pratensis meadow were from 5.26 to 6.38 t ha–1 and from the Holcetum lanati meadow between 2.85 and 3.49 t ha–1. Quantities of energy nutrients and crude ash in the hay from Alopecuretum pratensis and Holcetum lanati communities were diversified. Hay samples originating from Holcetum lanati community had a lower content of crude ash, total protein and crude fat but higher concentrations of crude fibre and nitrogen free extracts than plant samples from Alopecurus pratensis community. High concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), considerably exceeding the permissible quantities stated in the feeding standards were assessed in the analysed hay from both meadows.
This work includes assessment of the three domestic mixed alfalfa cultivars Kometa, Radius, Tula and the three foreign cultivars Marshal, Planet, Symphonie of the sowing alfalfa with regard to the dry matter yields and the total protein content. The highest dry matter yields were collected in the second year of the full utilization and the lowest in the first. The difference between the cultivar of a higher yield Radius and the cultivar of a lower yield Marshal amounted to 7%. The dry matter content during the first year of the utilization reached the value of 56% for the first regrowth, 28% for the second and 16% for the third one. During the second year of the investigations this value amounted to 51, 25 and 24%, respectively. The total protein content was higher in the first year and relatively 11% lower in the second year for each cultivar. Analysis of the regrowths revealed that the third one was characterised with the highest concentration whereas the lowest was found for the first one and the relative difference amounted to 11%.
Studies on a mountain pasture managed by oversowing with three grass and clover mixtures (grass + white clover) and grazed by sheep were carried out. The assessed elements included sward yielding, the extent to which it and the oversown species were eaten up by sheep. Generally no significant differences were found between yielding of individual mixture swards or the extent to which they were consumed by sheep. The mixture sward was highly utilised, on an average in 80-83% in comparison with the natural sward utilisation which reached 42%. No apparent differences were found among the oversown species concerning sheep preferences. However, white clover was slightly better grazed, then perennial ryegrass and timothy with orchardgrass placed third.
Praca poświęcona jest efektywności ekonomicznej nawożenia siarkowego na plonowanie życicy mieszańcowej uprawianej w monokulturze i mieszance z koniczyną białą. Zastosowano dwa poziomy nawożenia azotem w dawkach 50 i 100 kg N·ha-1 i dwa nawozy siarkowe Arysta siarka i Pro-siarka w dawkach 5, 10, 15 kg S·ha-1. Badania wykazały, iż nawożenie siarką było opłacalne i ekonomicznie efektywne. Stwierdzono, że połączenie nawożenia siarką z nawożeniem azotem może prowadzić do znacznego wzrostu plonów. Efekty stosowania przyjętych do badań nawozów siarkowych były różne pomimo takich samych parametrów. Nawóz Arysta siarka najkorzystniejsze efekty produkcyjno-ekonomiczne wywoływał po zastosowaniu dawki 10 kg S∙ha-1, bez względu na poziom nawożenia azotem. Z kolei nawóz Pro-siarka w dawce 15 kg S∙ha-1 wywoływał najwyższe efekty w roślinności trawiastej. W przypadku mieszanki trawy z koniczyną najwyższe plony stwierdzono także przy nawożeniu 15 kg S∙ha-1, w połączeniu z nawożeniem azotem ilości 50 kg N·ha-1. Wzrost nawożenia azotowego do 100 kg powodował jednak zmniejszanie efektywności nawożenia siarką.
The paper presents an estimation of three Lolium multiflorum and three Lolium boucheanum cultivars as regards the yield and total protein content. One foreign and two domestic cultivars were studied in the investigations conducted at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Estimation at Pawłowice near Gliwice (situated at 250 m a.s.l.). Polish cultivars of Lolium multiflorum; i.e. Atos and Lotos were characterised by a yield similar to that produced by the Dutch Montblanc cultivar. Among Lolium multiflorum cvs. Danish Pirol generated a lower dry matter yield in comparison with the Polish Agata and Mega cultivars. During the first year of the investiga­tions all cultivars contained lower amounts of total protein (on average 10-15%) than in the second year. The foreign Lolium cultivars had similar total protein content like Polish ones.
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