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Physical activity is one of the most important elements of a healthy lifestyle, and its lack or insufficient amounts can lead to serious health disorders. There are many adult diseases which are associated with the behaviour, lifestyle during puberty, including physical inactivity. It was therefore decided in this study to present the physical activity of young people from six countries in the world in the context of different variables. The following countries: Brazil, Spain, Poland, Czech Republic, Norway and Nepal were selected for comparison. Although all studies used the same standardized research tool, ie. the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ, in the course of analysis, the authors encountered difficulties with comparability, associated with the usage of various methods and data processing, which could result in different or reduced comparability. Consequently, it was decided not to make a detailed comparative analysis of individual research results and the presentation of the key conclusions brought about selected studies worldwide. Analyses of studies which have been conducted in different cultural contexts, confirm once again the thesis of the decline in physical activity levels with age for both girls and boys. Gender quite substantially differentiated physical efforts in adolescents. Girls at the age of adolescence are less physically active than boys. It was also noted that the increase of sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents and their disastrous consequences have an impact on the health and life in this age group, the studies of sedentary lifestyle have become a very important subject of many studies. Girls are still “more sedentary” than boys. Many authors, in order to ensure the reliability and relevance of their research, complied with the objective instrument eg. accelerometer or metabolic analyzer.
Background. The introduction and maintenance of healthy habits in the field of physical activity at the early stage of life is particularly important for public health. With increasing of public awareness in physical activity, researchers are increasingly questioning its determinants in different age groups. In this paper we focus on variables such as age, sex and place of residence. Objectives. To determine what selected socio-demographic factors influence the level of physical activity of school youth from the eastern region of Poland in different domains of daily life. Material and Methods. A random sample of 916 Polish school youth from Secondary Schools from Eastern Region of Poland aged 16-18 was interviewed in spring 2016 by diagnostic survey method with the use of the official Polish long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results. Analysing the relationship between gender and the level of physical activity statistically significant differences were found in all domains in favour of boys. The level of total physical activity in girls was 5345.5 MET-min./week, whereas in boys – 6556.6 MET-min./week. In the area of total physical activity, the highest values were observed in pupils from small towns and villages, with lower values in the youth living in large and medium-sized cities. When the relationship of age with the level of physical activity in particular domains was examined, only the activity in the work/ school domain (p = 0.0129) spoke in favour of the youngest pupils (2578.7 MET-min./week) when compared to the oldest ones (2226.4 MET-min./week). Conclusions. The level of physical activity in young people from the Eastern region of Poland is decreasing with age, both in girls and boys. It is therefore important, especially for the group emerging adulthood, to offer a wide variety of updated, involving, age and gender-oriented school physical activity classes that could be easily practised outside the school environment to improve the level of physical activity in leisure domain.
Brain representations of numbers are spatially organized on the socalled mental number line (MNL). We investigated the relationship between this spatial-numerical association and attention processes. In the fi rst task subjects responded to four-digit numbers (targets) preceded by a centrally presented digit. They had to indicate the side of occurrence of this previous digit in the target (left/right). The digit location in the target could be congruent with its position on MNL (e.g. “8” on the right) or incongruent (e.g. “9” on the left). In the second task subjects assessed the parity of the central digit in the fi ve-digit numbers (right key = even; left key = odd). The condition was defi ned as congruent when the reaction side corresponded to the digit position on MNL and incongruent when there was no such correspondence. The results showed more accurate and faster reactions in congruent than incongruent conditions. We conclude that: (1) the digit magnitude representation shifts attention to the direction of its representation on MNL, what confi rms the interaction between orienting attention processes and digit positions on MNL; (2) the incongruence between the correct response side (left/ right) and the digit spatial location on MNL induce the confl ict, which proves the involving of the executive attention system.
Background. Alcohol is a psychoactive addictive substance that is a frequent part of student life, where consumption levels can be high. This study aimed to determine the level of alcohol consumption among students in the Lublin province. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 2018, using 700 freshmen from the Lublin province (456 women – 65.14% and 244 men – 34.86%) who completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) on the Internet. Results. The vast majority of the respondents drink alcohol (80% – 560 people), every fifth respondent declared abstinence (20% – 140 respondents). The gender of the respondents significantly differentiated the level of alcohol consumption (χ²=42.262; p<0.0001). More women than men consumed alcohol at a low risk of developing alcohol-related disorders (89.04%, i.e. 406 women – 71.72%, i.e. 175 men). The value of BMI significantly differentiated the level of alcohol consumption (χ²=17.513; p=0.008). Conclusions. Most respondents consume alcohol at low-risk. Gender and BMI value significantly determine alcohol consumption. It is therefore extremely important to organize at universities cyclical preventive lectures on the harmful effects of alcohol consumption, highlighting its different impact on men and women. Physical activity plays a positive role in promoting health, even when at the same time unhealthy habits such as excessive alcohol consumption occur. Therefore, the possibility of participation in the university in the afternoon sports and recreation classes should be particularly promoted among students.
The increasingly appreciated role of physical activity in societies concerned about their health requires proper assessment. The main tools for measuring the level of physical activity comprise some relevant questionnaires, among which the best known in the foreign literature is Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). However, this questionnaire is not yet available in the Polish language version. The following article presents one such attempt that has taken into account the Polish conditions and lifestyle following the guidelines of the GPAQ Guide, which meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). The source text was translated into Polish and then a reverse translation was made involving four steps.
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