Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 18

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
There are conflicting reports on the influence of thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH) on the process of learning. We decided to study this problem using the paradigm of classical eyeblink conditioning as the animal model of learning processes. During the extinction training TRH in its natural form of pGluTRH was applied into the rabbit hippocampus through a chronically implanted microdialysis probe. A Glu1TRH, analog with less biological potency than TRH as the control of specificity for TRH and a 0.9% NaCl solution as the control for both substances were applied by the same way as pGluTRH. We found that pGluTRH extended the process of extinction and enhanced the further acquisition of the reflex. The analog of TRH, Glu1TRH, was ineffective. Finally, it may be stated that TRH acting in the hippocampus prolonged process of forgetting and improved succeeding learning. The effect was specific and long lasting.
8
51%
The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) dialyzed into the hippocampus or caudate nucleus as the reference structure in the acquisition and extinction of the conditioned eyelid reflex in rabbit was investigated. Phonopneumatic stimulator was used for the generation of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, and for control of the recorder. Opto-electronic sensor transduced the behavioral responses. Microdialysis probes were chronically implanted into the brain structures. AVP was dialyzed into the brain structures during the extinction procedure. Restraining of the process of extinction was shown during AVP dialysis through the hippocampus and caudate nucleus but the effect in hippocampus was stronger and longer lasting than in caudate nucleus. The influence of AVP dialyzed through the hippocampus on the course of acquisition was biphasic. Some insignificant improvement of learning was observed at the beginning of training and then compensatory, significant restraining of learning. After AVP dialysis through the caudate nucleus only the late, insignificant tendency to improve learning was shown. The effects of AVP were dose-dependent in inversely proportional manner and long-term in nature, especially the effects in hippocampus.
Obesity is now dramatically on the rise and is a major risk factor for diabetes. Besides primary metabolic health problems occurring in people with obesity and diabetes there are numerous secondary problems including disruptions of the reproductive system. Kisspeptins and its receptor GPR54 play a key role in regulation of reproduction and integration of metabolic and reproductive systems. We hypothesized that obese and/or diabetic male rats would have altered Kiss-1 and/or GPR54 mRNA levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks to induce obesity (DIO group). Injections of STZ were performed to induce diabetes type 1 (STZ group) or diabetes type 2 (HFD/STZ group). Control animals (C group) were fed with lab chow diet. Real-time PCR was performed. We have found that: (1) Kiss-1 and GPR54 expression in HPG axis was related to the rat metabolic status; (2) both STZ and HFD/STZ rats had elevated GPR54 mRNA level in the hypothalamus and (3) STZ rats had decreased Kiss-1 mRNA levels in the pituitary and decreased GPR54 levels in the testis. We have concluded that observed changes may contribute to reproductive failure in animals with diabetes. Supported by grant NCN 2011/01/B/NZ4/04992.
INTRODUCTION: There is a strong evidence that neurons co-expressing kisspeptin (KP), neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (Dyn), so called KNDy neurons, are important factors governing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. These neurons are present in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), which is also a region involved in energy homeostasis. It was shown that expression of KP, NKB and Dyn is dependent on hormonal and metabolic status. We have previous found that type 2 diabetes but not diet-induced obesity increases number of KP-, NKB- and non-pregnant ewes and ewes euthanized at 30, 60, 90, 120 d of pregnancy (3 ewes/group). Real-time PCR was used to measure SOCS-3 mRNA abundance. RESULTS: Results showed that SOCS-3 transcript level increased in MBH at 30, 60 and 90 d of gestation in comparison with non-pregnant ewes (P<0.05). The greatest SOCS-3 transcript abundance was observed at 120 d of pregnancy in ARC and in AP. In ME, SOCS‑3 expression significantly decreased (P<0.05) during early- and mid-pregnancy (at 30 and 60 d of gestation) but during late-pregnancy (120 d of gestation) it increased to a level comparable to that of non-pregnant ewes. In the CP, SOCS-3 mRNA expression in first half of pregnancy was similar to that observed in non-pregnant females, but increased markedly in the second half of pregnancy (P<0.05). Interestingly, SOCS-3 expression decreased throughout pregnancy in the PG (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of expression of SOCS-3 differs among brain locations and by stage of pregnancy within brain and AP locations and variation in SOCS-3 transcripts may be one of the factors in brain and AP that mediate homeorhetic adjustments in metabolism during gestation. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Research supported by grant from Polish National Science Centre no 2013/09/B/NZ4/01532.
The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of different oils nanoemulsions on the modulation of fatty acid proportions and their effect on selected ruminal bacteria using four-fermenter RUSITEC units of 1 l capacity each. Four treatments were investigated: 1. control group (11 g of dried total mixed ration), 2. the control plus soyabean oil (5% on dry matter basis), 3. the control plus fish oil (5% on dry matter basis), and 4. the control plus soyabean-fish oils blend (1:1 v/v; 5% on dry matter basis). All oils were in nanoemulsified form and were added directly to the RUSITEC fermenters during the 10-day-feeding process. The obtained results indicated that the use of the nanoemulsified oils didn’t affect total bacterial count; however, the nanoemulsified fish and soyabean-fish oil blend treatments decreased ( < 0.002) the relative proportions of both and . A significant decrease ( = 0.035) in was only noticed after the nanoemulsified soyabean-fish oil blend addition. Regarding the fatty acids in the fermentation fluid, the nanoemulsified oils increased significantly ( < 0.001) the proportions of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. In conclusion, nanoemulsified soyabean oil modulates the polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminal cultures without the negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Reproduction is governed by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, with the gonadotropin releasing hormone being on the top of the axis. In the arcute nucleus (ARC) of hypothalamus, population of neurons expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (KNDy neurons) is present. Those neurons are important in regulation of GnRH secretion. Beside metabolic problems obesity and diabetes are a major risk factors for reproductive dysfunctions (e.g. steroid imbalance and hypogonadism). Moreover, in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients mutation in NKB gene (TAC3) and its receptor – TAC3R was reported. In animals data on the role of gonadectomy (GDX) and sex steroids replacement in regulation of NKB expression is spare. We hypothesized that: (1) diet-induced obese (DIO), and/or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (type 1 and 2) male rats would have altered number of NKB-ir neurons in the ARC; (2) gonadectomy and testosterone (T) replacement would differentially altered number of NKB-ir neurons. METHODS: Rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD) or control (C) diet for 5 weeks. Injections of STZ were performed to induce diabetes type 1 (C/STZ) or diabetes type 2 (HFD/STZ). The following groups were obtain: C, C/STZ, HFD, HFD/STZ. Next, animals were divided into 3 groups: gonadectomy (GDX); gonadectomy and T replacement (GDX+T) and  (Sham). Immunocytochemistry for the NKB was performed. RESULTS: We found that in C group there was no difference in number of NKB-ir neurons in the ARC between Sham and GDX. In contrast, in all experimental groups a decrease in NKB-ir cell number after GDX was shown. T replacement caused a decrease in NKB-ir cell number in C, HFD and HFD/STZ groups compare to Sham, respectively. CONCLUSION: Obesity and diabetes type 1 and type 2 leads to alter response of NKB-ir cells in response to GDX. Supported by NCN grant 2011/01/B/NZ4/04992.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.