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Deciphering of the plant metabolome is one of the most difficult analytical tasks in functional genomic research. Studies directed at the gene or protein expression are well established, sequencing analyses of these kinds of biopolymers on genome or proteome level are possible. This is not the case for metabolites, where identification in single sample of many chemical entities of different elemental composition and structures and various physicochemical properties is necessary. Different instrumental methods are applied for identification of metabolites but none of them allows obtaining unambiguous structural information about more than 500 compounds in single mixture (metabolite profiling). This is a much smaller number of metabolites than is predicted for single plant metabolome. However, instrumental approaches were proposed (metabolite fingerprinting) in which biochemical phenotype of an organism may be estimated, but identification of individual compounds is not possible.
 We examined changes in profiles of isoflavonoids in roots of lupine (Lupinus luteus L. cv. Juno) seedlings in response to treatment with two heavy metals: cadmium (at 10 mg/l) and lead (at 150 mg/l). Overall, 21 flavonoid conjugates were identified in root extracts, some of them with up to six positional isomers. The total amount of all isoflavonoids increased by about 15 % in cadmium-treated plants and by 46 % in lead-treated ones. Heavy metals markedly increased the content of two compounds: 2'-hydroxygenistein glucoside and 2'-hydroxygenistein 7-O-glucoside malonylated. Possible functions of the identified isoflavonoids in yellow lupine exposed to heavy metal stress are discussed.
Responses of American arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis), common yew (Taxus x media) and juniper (Juniperus communis) to enhanced UV-B irradiance were studied. Control plants were grown without UV treatment, but at identical PhAR and temperature regimes. Visual symptoms of the ultraviolet effect noted on Thuja shoots as brown/red discolouration were correlated with the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Flavonoid glycosides identified by the retention times and UV spectra to a small degree increased their in­tensity. However, the biggest changes referred to the appearance of two free flavonoids with retention times of 47.7 and 48.2, and these compounds belong to effective UV absorbers. No effects on the accumulation of colourless flavonoids, at negligible changes in total phenolics and almost no symptoms during 9-week UV- irradiation in Taxus and Juniperus, indicate that in these species anatomical features and/or the constitutive phenolics might be responsible for low epidermal transmittance and for ultraviolet protection. Anthocya- nins were not found in the examined conifers.
A suspension culture of white lupin cells has been established, and proteins of the exocellular matrix analysed. Based on homologies of N-terminal amino-acid sequences, three stress- or defence-related proteins: acidic class III chitinase, polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, and germinóxalate oxidase, secreted by lupin cell culture, were identified.
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