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Our research was conducted in two different mire habitats – in the minerotrophic and ombrotrophic mires adjoining the lakes (LM) of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland and in the eutrophic and calcium-rich mires of the river valleys (RM) of the Roztocze Highlands region (both study regions in Eastern Poland). The study aimed to evaluate (1) the position of mire phytocoenoses in the environmental gradient – from minerotrophic to ombrotrophic ones, (2) the influence of the species and life-form composition of plant communities on the density of bryophytes, and (3) the quantitative and sociological relations between the density of vascular plants and bryophytes. Phytosociological relevés (180) were made in six lakeland mires and in four river valleys. The area of each phytosociological relevés (16–25 m²) represented species composition and vertical structure of communities. In the study of the relation vascular plants-bryophytes we took into consideration the following parameters: species abundance, cover of particular plant layers (trees, shrubs, herbs, bryophytes), and the number of species in particular life-form groups. In the LM the cover of particular layers was correlated negatively with the abundance of Sphagnum mosses. Betula pendula, B. pubescens and Frangula alnus overgrowing the LM affect negatively the abundance of some peat mosses. Less distinct relations were found between the tree density and bryophyte cover in the RM, but there is a positive correlation between the shrub cover and its predominant species – F. alnus – and the abundance of Polytrichum commune. Taking into account the relations between the herbaceous cover and the abundance of bryophytes, the dependencies are also less pronounced in the RM phytocoenoses. A negative effect of the herbaceous cover and its species richness on the abundance of P. commune was observed, as well as positive relation between the number of herbaceous species and the abundance of Calliergonella cuspidata. In the LM phytocoenoses, a negative correlation was found in the case of S. palustre, while in the case of Aulacomnium palustre and S. cuspidatum the relations were positive. Among herbaceous plants of LM habitats the biggest number of statistically significant correlations were observed for abundance of Carex lasiocarpa and different bryophytes, while in the RM habitats the correlations between the abundance of bryophyte and vascular plant layers are less distinct.
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of road transport on soil physicochemical characteristics and concentration of heavy metals in the bark of purple willow. The study was carried out at two groups of sites situated along a national road at a distance of 5–10 m and ca. 100 m from the road. At each of the sites, annual willow shoots were cut and surface soil samples were taken. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in bark samples were measured and of K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Cd in the soil. The concentrations of Mn and Pb were predictably higher in soils located near the road, which may indicate an impact of road transport on the soil content of these metals. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in S. purpurea bark from the sites located at distances of 5–10 m and ca. 100 m from the road were similar. However, the Cd concentration in the bark exceeded the maximum permissible concentration in the dried material, despite the low Cd concentrations in the soils at of all the sampling sites. It is important to pay due attention to the concentrations of this heavy metal in this plant material when it is intended for pharmaceutical use, even in that obtained from plants growing on soils qualifying as “uncontaminated”. Salix purpurea used for Salicis cortex should therefore be cultivated under controlled conditions.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the content of phenolic glycosides in bark of purple willow [Salix purpurea L.), originated from natural habitats. Special attention was paid to the soil features determining phenolic glycosides concentration in willow bark. The phenolic glycosides content in the purple willow ecotypes on peat soils was the high­est (6.00%), whereas on alluvial soils (4.18%) and rendzina type (4.37%) was much lower. The content of phenolic glycosides in Salix purpurea bark in river valley habitats was deter­mined by reaction and the content of Mg and CaC03
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