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Metabolic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) aged from 2 months - 5 years determined by the Nitrotetrazolium blue reduction test (NBT) has been rendered as the percentage of NBT⁺ cells, NBT index and quantity of formazane (g/l). A decrease of the percentage of NBT⁺ cells from the 5th months and the NBT index from the 10 month of the carps lives was discovered. The highest percentage of the NBT⁺ cells and NBT index was found in carps 2 months old, the lowest in the carps at the age of 5 years and 25 months, respectively. Sex did not affect these parameters. Age and sex of the carp did not affect the quantity of formazane in the blood.
Virologic examinations to detect the BHV 1 and seroogical studies to determine the titre of anti BHV 1 antiodies and the content of serum immunoglobulins were lone on bulls aging 2—4 and 6—10 months naturally nfected with BHV 1 and showing clinical symptoms of he respiratory tract inflammation. For control healthy .nimals uninfected were included. It was found that bulls nfected with BHV 1 excrete the virus for a relatively ong time (42-—56 days). In some animals the SN titres 1:2—1:8 were noted only in some periods of studies, respectively of the age of bulls serum content of IgGt nd IgG increased and IgG. decreased. The level of IgM nd IgA was stable and it was not related to the age of nimals.
The level of globulins, total protein and globulin index (albumin globulin ratio) was estimated in sera of healthy carps aged from 2 months to 5 years. The content of globulins increased along with the ontogeny of the fish. The highest level of globulins was found in 29-month-old individuals, the lowest in 10-month-old ones. Among spawnings a greater concentration of globulins was noted in milters. The dynamics of total protein changes showed the same pattern as globulins but differences in the total protein content between the groups of carps were more pronounced. The globulin index was constant irrespectively of age, body weight and sex of fish.
The purpose of the work was to adapt the methods of thrombocytes isolation from the peripheral blood, their absolute number determination and an attempt to evaluate their phagocytic activity. The elaborated technique of thrombocytes isolation in the ACD liquid enabled to separate in homologous plasma approximately 80 per cent of those cella, i.e. 23 850 in 1 mm³ of the plasma (± 7160). The above method allowed to preserve, like in the full blood, proper conditions for thrombocytes. It was found that the number of thrombocytes from healthy fish was 29 720 ± 6830 in one mm³ and the value of phagocytic index and per cent of phagocytic cells were 1.48 ± 0.38 and 18.83 ± 4.13, respectively. There was found 5 various forms of thrombocytes differing with the shape of the cell and nucleus, and the distribution and colour of the cytoplasm.
Studies were carried out on the number of thrombocytes and their phagocytic activity represented by the engulfing indices of thrombocytes (Ipt) and by the percentage of engulfing thrombocytes (%tp) in carps aged from 2 months to 5 years. It was determined that the number of thrombocytes increases in carps with the increase of age. The value of Ipt and %tp increases in carps aged from 2 to 13 months, but Ipt increases in fish aged from 17 months to 5 years. The value of %tp in the fish aged from 17 months to 5 years is stable.
The studies were carried out on the carp aged two years. The analysis of findings revealed a statistically significant changes in reference to: a) the number of leukocytes and neutrophiles, b) the metabolic activity of neutrophiles determined on the basis of the NBT test, c) phagocytosis of the cells of Staphylococcus aureus 209 P, d) the activity of myeloperoxidase of neutrophiles. In addition, there was found in sick fish marked anatomo-pathological changes. These lesions and haematological and immunological changes were especially distinct in the carp with developed clinical changes.
Changes in the amount of lysozyme and the activity of myeloperoxidase in healthy carp aged 2-17 months were assessed. It was found that the amount of lysozyme depended on the age of the fish and to some extent on their body weight. In the case of the myeloperoxidase activity no such interrelationship was observed.
The studies were carried out on 2-month-old breeding carp. The CERBIO probiotic was given with corn feed at a dose of 150 or 300 g/100 kg of fodder for 53 consecutive days. The usefulness of that feeding system was assessed on the basis of body weight increase of the fish and also by taking into account immunological indices (phagocytosis, metabolic activity of neutrophiles, activity of myeloperoxidase) and haematological ones (number of leucocytes and neutrophiles, blood picture). The administration of the probiotic proved to be profitable as the body weights of the fish under study were higher compared with control group, especially when the probiotic was given at a dose of 300 g/100 kg of fodder. Immunological - and to some extent haematological results showed that the parameters examined were higher in the experimental group than those in a control one.
The observations were done in two groups of healthy sheep. Group A — 20 animals from 4 large scale farms, with antibodies to PI-3, Adeno-5 and RCV. In these farms symptoms of the respiratory tract infections were noted. Group B-10 animals (control) in one farm free of diseases. The following parameters were examined in blood taken from the external jugular vein at time 1, 30 and 60 days: ability to adsorb and to reduce NBT in a spontaneous and stimulated tests by neutrophils, myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophils (MPO), activity of serum lysozyme (LZ), content of serum IgG, IgM and IgA, titre of specific antibodies against PI-3, Adeno-5 and RSV. It was found that asymptomatic infection caused by PI-3, Adeno-5 and RSV decreased the activity of MPO, level of LZ, IgM and partially IgG and values of a stimulated test of NBT reduction. These changes predipose the activation of latent and asymptomatic viral and bacterial infections, which commonly appear in sheep.
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