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The Bełchatów area (central Poland) was transformed strongly by human pressures. The changes were caused by the Bełchatów Lignite Mine put into operation in 1975. Huge tertiary lignite deposits underlie the establishment of the mine and the largest lignite-fired power plant. Due to its size, the transformation of the natural environment is most visible in the morphology of this area. The most extensive changes in the hydrology were caused by the depression sink formed as a result of land drainage required for lignite mining. The article discusses the work and its environmental impacts.
Demographic and socioeconomic pressures resulted in increase of agricultural production, which in turn led to increase in nitrate pollution to groundwater. Biotechnologies create an opportunity to boost the efficiency of groundwater treatment at the ecosystem scale. The aim of the study was to build an underground denitrifying barrier around the manure storing place composed of organic material and to monitor its effectiveness. It was constructed by burying pine sawdust mixes with soil perpendicular to groundwater flow. The preliminary groundwater monitoring gave the average concentration of Ntot equal to 704 mg dm-3, NO3–N equal to 228 mg dm-3and NH4–N to 347 mg dm-3. Preliminary results showed nearly 90% reduction of all forms of nitrogen. The applied technology seems to be an inexpensive tool for diminishing nitrate loads into surface waters and for achieving good ecological status of the entire catchment, as required by the Water Framework Directive.
The TEL/JAK2 chromosomal translocation (t(9;12)(p24;p13)) is associated with T cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The TEL/JAK2 fusion protein contains the JAK2 catalytic domain and the TEL-specific oligomerization domain. TEL-me­diated oligomerization of the TEL/JAK2 proteins results in the constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase activity. Leukemia cells expressing TEL/JAK2 tyrosine kinase become resistant to anti-neoplastic drugs. Amifostine is a pro-drug which can selec­tively protect normal tissues against the toxicity of anticancer drugs and radiation. We investigated the effects of amifostine on idarubicin-induced DNA damage and re­pair in murine pro-B lymphoid BaF3 cells and BaF3-TEL/JAK2-transformed cells us­ing alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Idarubicin induced DNA damage in both cell types but amifostine reduced its extent in control non-trans­formed BaF3 cells and enhanced it in TEL/JAK2-transformed cells. The transformed cells did not show measurable DNA repair after exposure to amifostine and idarubicin, but cells treated only with idarubicin were able to recover within a 60-min incubation. Because TEL/JAK2-transformed cells can be considered as model cells for certain human leukemias and lymphomas we anticipate an enhancement of idarubicin cytotoxicity by amifostine in these diseases. Moreover, TEL/JAK2 tyrosine kinase might be involved in cellular response to DNA damage. Amifostine could promote apoptosis or lower the threshold for apoptosis induction dependent on TEL/JAK2 activation.
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