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Research on ecophysiology of benthic bacteria indicates that microbiological processes which occur in bottom sediments have a major influence on the development of water bodies. Organic matter accumulated on the bottom makes lakes shallower and accelerates their aging. Microbiological processes are particularly important in small lakes, which are a common element of the environment. This article presents the results of the investigation of the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in the bottom sediments of four lakes with different trophic conditions in the Bory Tucholskie National Park and the relationship between the number of benthic bacteria and their physiological activity. The total number of benthic bacteria and the ability of isolated strains to carry out selected physiological processes were assessed by cultivating bacteria on appropriate substrates. We also determined the coefficient of physiological activity, which was then used for the correlation analysis and verification of the research hypothesis. The highest number of benthic bacteria was found in the eutrophic and dystrophic lakes. The lowest number was recorded in lake sediments of the mesotrophic lake, although at this site the studied strains were the most active. As a result, the correlation analysis confirmed the hypothesis that there is no relationship between the metabolic potential of benthic bacteria and their number in a sample.
The microbial community of the air in the Ciechocinek resort was analyzed. Measurement sites were located in the surroundings of inhalators (graduation towers and the “Grzyb” fountain), in the recreation areas (promenade, parks), and urban areas. Microbiological analyses included enumeration of mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes, mannitol-positive staphylococci, and hemolytic bacteria. The analyses were conducted in accordance with Polish Standard PN89/Z-04111/02. It was concluded that the abundance of bacteria was affected by meteorological conditions (temperature) and the intensity of tourism. The lowest numbers of the investigated types of bacteria were found around the open inhalators.
Research was carried out on the occurrence and physiological properties of heterotrophic bacteria inhabiting water of the River Brda in the Bydgoszcz town section. The highest number of microorganisms was found in water of the studied river in June and August at sites located in the centre of the town, and the lowest in November and March at the site located at the inflow of the river into the town. There were three times more psychrophilic organisms (CFU 20°C) than mesophilic (CFU 37°C) among bacteria. Gram-negative rods constituted about 97% of all the bacteria, of which fast-developing strains constituted from 51 to 61%. The most commonly occurring bacteria in the water of the River Brda were ammonifying bacteria (83.4%), those that reduce nitrates to nitrites (55.5%), those that produce hydrogen sulphide from organic compounds (54.1%), those that hydrolyse protein (45.1%) and fat (44.3%).The least numerous were pectinolytic (0.8%), urealytic (5.8%) and cellulolytic strains (13.6%). The majority of bacteria were capable of carrying out from two to six different physiological processes (83.5% altogether), about 12% of strains carried out only one process, and only 0.1-4.0% of bacteria carried out more than six processes.
Obecność mikroflory zarówno na jęczmieniu, jak i na słodzie wpływa na jakość otrzymywanego produktu. Proces słodowania jęczmienia stwarza warunki dla rozwoju niekorzystnej mikroflory, którą stanowią bakterie, drożdże i grzyby strzępkowe. Celem badań było określenie zakażenia słodu jasnego używanego do produkcji piwa. Badania przeprowadzono w okresie roku - od jesieni do lata. Oznaczono liczebność poszczególnych grup mikroorganizmów w drodze wysiewu na różne podłoża i przeprowadzono ich identyfikację na podstawie Bergey's Manual [2] i opracowania autorów Burbianki, Pliszki, Burzyńskiej [4]. Stwierdzono, że bakterie występowały w największej liczbie ogólnej w okresie lata. Zidentyfikowano 6 rodzajów bakterii i zanotowano obecność niezidentyfikowanych pałeczek Gram ujemnych. Przeważały bakterie z rodziny Enterobacteriaceae, z wyjątkiem okresu jesiennego, kiedy dominowały bakterie z rodzaju Clostridium. Średnia liczebność bakterii wynosiła 9,4•106/g słodu. Liczebność drożdży wahała się w badanych okresach w granicach 1,3•105-1,6•106/g słodu. Wśród drożdży przeważały rodzaje Saccharomyces, Candida, Cryptococcus i Torulopsis. Najniższy stopień porażenia słodu przez grzyby strzępkowe stwierdzono jesienią-liczebność 1,4•103/słodu, a najwyższy latem -1,1•104/g słodu. We wszystkich okresach zanotowano stałą obecność grzybów z rodzajów Aureobasidium, Penicillium, Mucor i Rhizopus. Wiosną stwierdzono też obecność „grzybów polowych" z rodzaju Fusarium i Cladosporium. W podsumowaniu stwierdzono, że należy przestrzegać zasad prawidłowego magazynowania jęczmienia i słodu, gdyż warunki przechowywania rzutują na rozwój drobnoustrojów. Ważna jest też jakość jęczmienia używanego do produkcji słodu, gdyż proces słodowania nie wpływa ujemnie na obniżenie liczby mikroorganizmów.
Studies on cytokinin-like substances synthesized by planktonic bacteria isolated from littoral and pelagial zones of the lake Jeziorak in spring and summer have been carried out. 62.5% of bacteria isolated in summer, and 12.5% of bacteria isolated in spring were able to produce cytokinin-like substances. Among synthesized substances there occurred isopentenyladenine (2iP, i6Ade), zeatin (Z, io6Ade) and zeatin riboside (ZR, io6A). No trace of isopentenyladenosine (2iPA, i6A) was detected. The amounts of cytokinin-like substances produced converted into 1 g dry mass of bacteria were as follows: 9.97 - 21.59 mg for isopentenyladenine; 3.08 - 35.08 mg for zeatin, and 0.35 - 18.69 mg for zeatin riboside. Various taxonomic group of bacteria were capable of synthesising those compounds, such as Vibrio, Bacillus, Aeromonas, Achromobacter genera and Enterobacteriaceae family. Among the analysed bacteria it was only the strain of Achromobacter spp that produced two compounds at the same time (zeatin and zeatin riboside).
The research performed pertained to the microflora living in the air of the Ciechocinek health resort. The investigation carried out from May 2005 to April 2006 embraced the marking of the number of the bacteria (mesophilic b., hemolytic b., mannitolo-positive staphylococci, actinomycetes) and fungi on the ground of the entire health resort. The evaluation of the microbiological state of the air was done in compliance with PN86/Z-04111/02 and PN86/ /Z-04111/03. It was established that, on the ground lying within the zone of influence of the open inhalatoriums, the number of investigated microbes had been lower than in the remaining sections of the health resort.
This study was conducted in the Ciechocinek, which is the largest lowland health resort in Poland. Measurement sites were located around open inhalators, in the recreation areas, and in typical urban areas. The survey consisted of enumeration of molds, according to Polish Standard (Ochrona czystości powietrza... PN89/Z-04111/03), and their identification. September was the month with the highest abundance of molds; their concentrations were highest in stations located in the urban section of Ciechocinek, with the lowest around the open inhalators. Molds of the Cladosporium genus were the most common in the tested air, particularly in summer.
It follows from the research conducted on the number of chitinolytic bacteria among planktonic and benthic bacteria that they occur in a higher number in bottom sediments than in water. However, the per­centage of chitinolytic bacteria among the total number of heterotrophic bacteria was higher in the water than in the bottom sediments. Chitinolytic bacteria and the bacteria unable to decompose chitin most readily utilized N-acetyloglucosamine as additional sources of carbon and nitrogen. Chitinolytic bacteria devel­oped well on a substrate with colloidal chitin as the only or an additional source of carbon and nitrogen. However, bacteria unable to decompose chitin displayed very weak growth on a substrate with colloidal chitin as the only source of carbon and nitrogen.
Metabolic activity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from lakes Stęgwica, Jeziorak and Jasne were investigated. A humic substances of commercial preparation by Aldrich-Chemie, as well as natural humic substances, fulvic and humin acids isolated from lake Stegwica were used as a source of energy. The results indicate that 70-80% of bacteria strains are able to utilise the humus matter. The greatest metabolic activity was recorded in bacteria which were supported by natural humic substances isolated from lake Stęgwica; whereas the lowest was noted in the presence of humin acids.
Studies on the development dynamics and the physiological properties of heterotrophic bacteria growing on the surface of the yellow waterlily (Nuphar luteum L.) during the plants’ development cycle were carried out. It was stated that the number of the epiphytic bacteria is different in the examined sections of the plant. The number is higher on bottom parts of petioles and rhizomes but lower on the surface of leaf blades and petioles beneath the leaf blade. The number of the epiphytic bacteria oscillated between 0.54 x 106 and 37.85 x 106 cells per 1g of wet weight of the plant. The gram negative rods dominated among the epiphytic bacteria, the majority of which was slowly growing strains. Among the epiphytic bacteria the most numerous strains were those hydrolyzing fat, starch, and protein; the least numerous were the chitinolytic bacteria.
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