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Food safety in Ukraine and its factors

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The purpose of this paper is to present the main results of the study aimed to highlights and assess the level of food security of Ukraine and the factors that shape it. Based on this to identify key steps to create conditions for increasing this level. Evaluation of food security indicators was carried out using internationally recognized Global Food Security Index. Identified trends in total income and food price dynamics are negative, since even with increasing incomes purchasing power of the Ukrainian population remains the lowest in Europe, while the share of expenditure on food in the general expenses – the highest. Structure of nutrition in Ukraine is unbalanced, and its level – insufficient. Revealed deterioration of food security in almost all fundamental indicators. It makes sense to consider the two main directions to achieve the necessary level of food security: ensuring food supply in the required quantities; achievement of selfsupplying by agricultural products.
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The purpose of the study was to identify trends in the development of modern Ukraine’s agriculture and outline ways of increasing competitiveness of all producer types under conditions of agricultural dualization and marginal groups of enterprise polarization. Ukraine’s agriculture has fast obtained a significant sum of money, thus contributing to the intensification of investment and a transfer of capital to this industry, to a large extent, because the general trends in agriculture development are characterized by a deepening of its dualization and polarization in two major producer sectors - large enterprises (with a marginal group in the form of agricultural holdings, engaged in the production of export-oriented products), and small producers (with the marginal group in the form of households, specialized in the production of products mainly for their own needs and the internal market, including niche products). Therefore, competition between producers is mostly carried out within each of these polar production groups. The level of competitiveness of producers in both sectors is quite high, but in each case - due to different factors. In order to increase development efficiency of all agricultural producers and their competitiveness level, appropriate socio-economic modernization of the existing model of agriculture is needed in order to equalize the conditions of access to necessary resources and of functioning conditions in general for all types of producers.
The aim of the study was to identify the essence and trends of development of niche agriculture as a direction of the development of the agricultural activity of small agricultural producers and as a way to increase their competitiveness and positioning on the agricultural products market against a background of polarization processes and the duality of the agrarian sphere of the economy in the Ukraine. The subject of the study is theoretical and practical aspects of the processes of niche agriculture development in the Ukraine with an identification of the main reasons that inhibit it. The scientific dialectical approach to eco-phenomena, analysis and synthesis in combination with induction and deduction methods, as well as a topic literature review were used during the research. It is established that, under conditions of agricultural polarization in the Ukraine on two groups of producers – large and small ones, the niche direction of agricultural development, already quite noticeable and diversified in the Ukraine, can be a real way to increase the ability of small businesses to survive economically and significantly increase their level of profitability. However, the further development of this direction can achieve sufficient pace and effectiveness, if it is provided by the purposeful activity of government, aimed at eliminating barriers to the development of niche agriculture.
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